【正文】 委托 ? 在剝離與合并的時期，為公司提供一種新的退出非核心業(yè)務(wù)的方法：公司可以逐步的分離一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)并最終將它賣給合作伙伴（約 80%的合資公司最后由一個合伙人將其賣給另一個合伙人）。 6. 產(chǎn)品多樣化。 ② 研發(fā)的高成本。International Cooperation Strategic Management ? What is a Joint Venture A joint venture (JV) is a business enterprise involving two or more legally distinct partner panies, each of which plays more than merely an investment role in the enterprise. A JV is considered international if at least one partner is headquartered outside the country of operation, or if the venture operates significantly in more than one country. 國際合作與戰(zhàn)略管理 ? 何為合資 合資公司是由兩個或兩個以上的合作公司組成的企業(yè)， 各方在企業(yè)中不僅僅是出資。 3. 其它影響因素包括 : ① 科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展。 5. 與供應(yīng)商與分銷商聯(lián)盟。 。定義管理、責(zé)任以及決策過程并說明解決沖突及各類問題的程序。 International Cooperation Strategic Management ? Leadership Define a process for leadership selection that39。 International Cooperation Strategic Management Partner selection plays a pivotal role in JV formation. A pany39。s financial status 5. Partner39。 gender。 place of work and its corporate culture. 國際合作與戰(zhàn)略管理 ? 什么是文化？ 1. 與人們作為詮釋經(jīng)歷，修身的基礎(chǔ)的信仰和價值觀念相關(guān)的，個人或團(tuán)體的。s point of view. 國際合作與戰(zhàn)略管理 ? 跨文化交流的挑戰(zhàn) 文化經(jīng)常是交流挑戰(zhàn)的根源。t use generalizations to stereotype. 2. To understand better. 3. Appreciate other multifaceted human beings. ? Practice, practice, practice. ? Don39。 ? 尋找能夠有效溝通的方法，不要一味尋找應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備的一方。 把它作為培養(yǎng)信任的好機(jī)會。使對立統(tǒng)一，發(fā)揮它的力量，而不是相反的，把它們定位為矛盾，消滅它們。作為一家業(yè)務(wù)種類繁多 ,數(shù)額巨大的主要美國企業(yè)， GE精于學(xué)習(xí)文化。s a man39。在日本，紅色標(biāo)志表示女士洗手間，男士的應(yīng)該是黑色或藍(lán)色的。 融合水平與控制程度的關(guān)系 . 融合程度越深 – 例如 , 合并 – 控制程度就越高 . 協(xié)作合資公司 (NEJV) 與全合資公司 (EJV) 的差別就說明了這個關(guān)系。 International Cooperation Strategic Management ? Negotiating agreements 1. Mixed feelings about the formal joint venture agreement. 2. Some think it a critical element in the relationship 3. Others discount its significance. 國際合作與戰(zhàn)略管理 ? 談判協(xié)議 1. 對與正式的合資公司合同喜憂參半。s a lady39?！? 如同威爾士在 1996年他寫給塞爾歐納斯的信中所說，‘不斷分享來自全球的商業(yè)經(jīng)歷和文化見解正在造就一家擁有真正的全球頭腦和業(yè)務(wù)的公司。 International Cooperation Strategic Management ? Unleashing the Power of Integrated Opposites ? develop innovative services and products for diverse customer groups 1. Share diverse experiences. 2. Cultural insights of workers. ? creative problem solving 1. Look at the same landscape with different eyes“ . 2. Crosspollination of ideas. ? achieving synergy by leveraging the power of critical opposites 國際合作與戰(zhàn)略管理 ? 發(fā)揮對立統(tǒng)一體的能力 ? 為不同的顧客群體開發(fā)新穎的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù) 1. 分享不同的經(jīng)歷 2. 員工對文化的理解 ? 創(chuàng)造性的解決問題 1. ‘用不同的眼光看同一處風(fēng)景’ 2. 想法勾通與交流 ? 協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)鍵矛盾的力量達(dá)到增效 International Cooperation Strategic Management ? Case in Point: DuPont A USbased multicultural team at DuPont gained around US$45 million in new business by changing the way decorating materials are developed and marketed. The changes included new colors that team members knew, from their experience within other cultures, would appeal more to their overseas customers. 國際合作與戰(zhàn)略管理 ? 案例：杜邦 一支以美國為基礎(chǔ)的跨文化杜邦團(tuán)隊(duì)通過改變裝飾材料的開發(fā)與銷售方式，在新業(yè)務(wù)上創(chuàng)造了約 4,500萬美元的收入。 International Cooperation Strategic Management ? Respect Differences and Work Together ? When we do not understand, people tend to interpret the others involved as abnormal, weird or wrong. ? Awareness of cultural differences and recognizing where cultural differences are at work is the first step toward understanding each other. ? No right, no wrong, just different creates a positive working environment. 國際合作與戰(zhàn)略管理 ? 尊重差異，協(xié)同工作 ? 我們不能理解時會傾向于把其他有關(guān)人等說成‘不正常’，‘怪異’，或‘不正確’。試著把自己放在他人的位置上考慮問題。 ? 實(shí)踐實(shí)踐再實(shí)踐。 International Cooperation Strategic Management ? Culture Shock Failure to identify cultural issues and take action can lead to a culture shock. In order of priority, the most mon symptoms: 1. feeling isolated 2. anxiety and worry 3. reduction in job performance 4. high nervous energy 5. helplessness Not coping with culture shock symptoms when they appear can lead to a very negative situation. 國際合作與戰(zhàn)略管理 ? 文化沖擊 無法識別文化問題并采取相應(yīng)的行動會導(dǎo)致文化沖擊。 因此，同一個人可能屬于不同的文化，根據(jù)不同的特點(diǎn)：出生地；國籍；種族；家庭情況；性別；年齡；語言；教育 。 physical condition。s ability to negotiate with local government 國際合作與戰(zhàn)略管理 ? 合伙人相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) : 7. 買賣 /分銷能力 8. 合伙人的國際性經(jīng)驗(yàn) 9. 技術(shù)運(yùn)用方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn) International Cooperation Strategic Management ? What is Culture? 1. Concerned with beliefs and values on the basis of which people interpret experiences and behave individually and in groups. 2. A group or munity with which you share mon experiences that shape the way you understand the world. 3. “ Lens through which you view the world. 4. Central to what you see. 5. How you make sense of what you see. 6. How you express yourself. The same person, can belong to several different cultures depending on certain factors: birthplace。 2. 合伙人相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。和員工們分享你的信息，永遠(yuǎn)不要做出不能兌現(xiàn)的承諾。 municate aggressively to employees。 by misunderstanding the significance of appreciated property, panies can fundamentally weaken the economics of the deal for themselves and their partners. ? special allocations of ine, gain, loss or deduction to be made among the partners ? pensation to the members that provide services 國際合作與戰(zhàn)略管理 ? 建立合資公司前應(yīng)考慮的幾個重要問題： ? 最合適的組織結(jié)構(gòu) (例如，大多數(shù)的合資企業(yè)都包括處于快速發(fā)展階段的公司作為戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴 ) ? 投入到合資公司中的增值財(cái)產(chǎn)與貶值財(cái)產(chǎn)的實(shí)用性；對增值財(cái)產(chǎn)的錯誤理解可能會導(dǎo)致對自己以及對合作伙伴的交易的損失 ? 合作伙伴之間在收益與損失之間的分配方式 ? 對提供服務(wù)者的報(bào)酬 International Cooperation Strategic Management ? Human Resources Strategy While joint ventures are driven by business needs and are implemented in accordance with a business plan or strategy which is generally stated in financial