【正文】 t you in the library. At four in the afternoon.. ( I’ll meet you in the library at four in the afternoon.)B fragment without a subject She stood by the window. And looked at the street below. ( She stood by the window and looked at the street below.)C fragment without a auxiliary verb: fragments often contain verblike particles or infinitives which cause the writer to think a verb has been include.D fragment of dependent clauses: when a dependent clause are fairl long, a writer might mispuctuate it as a sentence.Word OrderDeterminers: 名詞前的限定詞順序?yàn)榍拔恢形缓笪唬瑫r(shí)一個(gè)名詞中心詞前不能同時(shí)用兩個(gè)中位限定詞或兩個(gè)前位限定詞。Unit 1 the Correct WordFocusDenotation and Connotation1. Denotation refers to the literal and primary meaning of a wordthe definition you find in a dictionary.2. Connotation refers to the implied or suggested meaning of a word.We can list some words to pare its different meaning of denotation and connotation.WordDenotationConnotationSentence(connotation)goldA kind of material source Expensive, money wealthGold now is very expensive.moonThe natural body that moves around the earth once 28 days.Beauty lonely, coldness ,purity, tranquilityMany years past she still keep a charity like the moon.iceWater frozen so that it has bee solid.Coldness, indifference cruelty, death, etcThe ice in his voice was only to hide the pain.bloodRed liquid flowing through the bodies of human or animalRelationship, death, descent ,race, temperament Blood is thick than water.winterA seasonColdness, tired ,upsetPlease walk out you winter of life , just smile to your life.Attitude: when we write in English, we have to be careful with some emotionally loaded . words that can reveal the writer’s attitude. We can divide the words attitude into three parts: 1mendatory\positive 2neutral 3derogatory\pejorativeCommendatoryNeutralPejorativequaintstrangebizarrepersiststubbornpigheadedplimentpraiseflatteringSenior citizenOld personfossilBachelor girlSingle girlspinsterCollocation: fixed bination of wordsThere are several types of collocation: +N(follow the fashion) 2. A+N(a brilliant success) +AD(think alike) +N(the answer to a question) 5. V+PREP(think of an idea)False FriendsAdvise(v) vs. advice(n) angel （天使）vs. angle（角度）capital（首都，資金）vs. capitol（國(guó)會(huì)大廈）Complement（補(bǔ)充） vs. pliment （稱贊）credible（可信的，確實(shí)的） vs. credulous（輕信的，易受騙的） get knowledge(t) vs. learn knowledge(f)GrammarSubjectVerb agreement1when the subject is poundWork and play are equally important.Ham and eggs is my favorite breakfast.(1)由and或both…and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果作主語(yǔ)的并列結(jié)構(gòu)不是指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，而是表示單數(shù)，則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；and與each等限定詞時(shí)，隨后動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 when the subject is acted upon, the verb is in the passive voice.1Choosing the active voiceThe active voice stresses the activity of the subject and helps to make a sentence direct, concise, and vigorous.2Choosing the passive voiceThough the active voice is more monly used in writing, the passive voice may be more suitable for the following:1when the agent is followed by a long modifier, we use the passive voice to avoid suspension of the verb2the passive also used to keep the focus of two sentencesGrammarTense1The simple present: a表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，b表經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，c表主語(yǔ)具備的性格和功能 d普遍真理和自然規(guī)律e表示將來(lái)和過(guò)去時(shí)間2Sequence of tenses: simple present, simple past, present progressive, past progressive, present perfective, past perfective, present perfective progressive, past perfective progressiveMood: the indicative mood, the imperative mood, the subjunctive moodThe subjunctive mood: In grammar, the subjunctive mood (abbreviated sjv or sbjv) is a verb mood typically used in subordinate clauses to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred. It is sometimes referred to as the conjunctive mood, as it often follows a conjunctionUnit 5 Expanded Sentence BaseFocusAttributes: words or phrases used to narrow