【正文】 holds the dead system, braking system and so on. In addition, the monolithic integrated circuit in the industry and merce, the finance, the scientific research, the education, domains and so on national defense aerospace has the very widespread use. 美麗天使精品論文 外文翻譯： 單片機(jī)介紹 單片機(jī)也被稱為 微控制器 （ Microcontroller），是因?yàn)樗钤绫挥迷诠I(yè)控制領(lǐng)域。隨著工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域要求的提高，開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了 16 位單片機(jī)，但因?yàn)樾詢r(jià)比不理想并未得到很廣泛的應(yīng)用。事實(shí)上單片機(jī)是世界上數(shù)量最多的 計(jì)算機(jī) 。它的體積小、質(zhì)量輕、價(jià)格便宜、為學(xué)習(xí)、應(yīng)用和開(kāi)發(fā)提供了便利條件。一個(gè)可視化高級(jí)語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)的小程序里面即使只有一個(gè)按鈕，也會(huì)達(dá)到幾十 K 的尺寸！對(duì)于家用 PC 的硬盤來(lái)講沒(méi)什么，可是對(duì)于單片機(jī)來(lái)講是不能接受的。顧名思義，這種計(jì)算機(jī)的最小系統(tǒng)只用了一片集成電路，即可進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單運(yùn)算和控制。 導(dǎo)彈 的導(dǎo)航裝置，飛機(jī)上各種儀表的控制，計(jì)算機(jī)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊與數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，工業(yè)自動(dòng)化過(guò)程的實(shí)時(shí)控制和數(shù)據(jù)處理，廣泛使用的各種智能 IC卡 ，民用豪華轎車的安全保障系統(tǒng)， 錄像機(jī) 、 攝像機(jī) 、全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)的控制，以及程控玩具、電子寵物等等，這些都離不開(kāi)單片機(jī)。 在家用電器中的應(yīng)用 可以這樣說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在的家用電器基本上都采用了單片機(jī)控制，從電飯褒、洗衣機(jī)、電冰箱、空調(diào)機(jī)、彩電、其他 音響 視頻器材、再到 電子秤 量設(shè)備，五花八門，無(wú)所不在。 此外，單片機(jī)在工商，金融，科研、教育，國(guó)防航空航天等領(lǐng)域都有著十分廣泛的用途。如音樂(lè)集成單片機(jī)，看似簡(jiǎn)單的功能，微縮在純電子芯片中（有別于磁帶機(jī)的原理），就需要復(fù)雜的類似于計(jì)算機(jī)的原理。采用單片機(jī)控制使得儀器儀表數(shù)字化、智能化、微型化，且功能比起采用電子或 數(shù)字電路 更加強(qiáng)大。各種產(chǎn)品一旦用上了單片機(jī)，就能起到使產(chǎn)品升級(jí)換代的功效，常在產(chǎn)品名稱前冠以形容詞 —— “ 智能型 ” ，如智能型洗衣機(jī)等。不過(guò)，這種電腦，通常是指?jìng)€(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)，簡(jiǎn)稱 PC機(jī)。 它是一種在線式實(shí)時(shí)控制計(jì)算機(jī)，在線式就是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制，需要的是有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力，較低的成本，這也是和離線式計(jì)算機(jī)的（比如家用 PC）的主要區(qū)別。汽車上一般配備 40多部單片機(jī)，復(fù)雜的工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)上甚至可能有數(shù)百臺(tái)單片機(jī)在同時(shí)工作！單片機(jī)的數(shù)量不僅遠(yuǎn)超過(guò) PC機(jī)和其他計(jì)算的總和，甚至比人類的數(shù)量還要多。目前，高端的 32位單片機(jī)主頻已經(jīng)超過(guò) 300MHz，性能直追 90 年代中期的專用處理器，而普通的型號(hào)出廠價(jià)格跌落至 1 美元，最高端 [1]的型號(hào)也只有 10 美元。 早期的單片機(jī)都是 8 位或 4 位的。s principle. For example: Music signal saves by the digital form in the memory (is similar to ROM), reads out by the micro controller, transforms (is similar for the simulation music electrical signal to sound card). In the largescale electric circuit, this kind of modular application reduced the volume enormously, simplified the electric circuit, reduced the damage, the error rate, also facilitates in the replacement. Monolithic integrated circuit39。 application May say like this that present39。s realtime control and the data processing, the widespread use39。s on operating system and the application software home use PC to e up the movement, home use PC could also not withstand. 美麗天使精品論文 It can be said that the 20th century surmounted three “the electricity” the time, namely the electrical time, the Electronic Age and already entered puter time. However, this kind of puter, usually refers to the personal puter, is called PC machine. It by the main engine, the keyboard, the monitor and so on is posed. Also has a kind of puter, most people actually not how familiar. This kind of puter is entrusts with the intelligence each kind of mechanical monolithic integrated circuit (also to call micro controller). , This kind of puter39。s enhancement, started to present 16 monolithic integrated circuits, but because the performancetoprice ratio not ideal has not obtained the very widespread application. After the 90s, along with the expense electronic products big development, the monolithic integrated circuit technology had the huge enhancement. Along with INTEL the i960 series was the afterward ARM series widespread application specially, 32 monolithic integrated circuits substituted for 16 monolithic integrated circuit39。s highend statuses rapidly, and entered the mainstream market. But the traditional 8 monolithic integrated circuit39。s smallest system only has used as the name suggests a piece of integrated circuit, then carries on the simple operation and the control. Because its volume is small, usually hides in is accused the machinery “the belly”. It in the entire installment, plays is having like the human brains role, it went wrong, the entire installment paralyzed. Now, this kind of monolithic integrated circuit39。s each kind of intelligent IC card, the civil luxury car39。s domestic electric appliances basical