三峽庫區(qū)腹地水體微生物污染調(diào)查及其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)-文庫吧在線文庫
【正文】 測點(diǎn)水體大腸桿菌感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)初步評價(jià)。 三峽水庫兩岸居民水體接觸的問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果在萬州兩岸，對224位居民進(jìn)行了接觸江水的隨機(jī)問卷調(diào)查，其中56人（25%）曾接觸過長江干流或支流的水，主要通過游泳（%）、戲水（%）和洗衣服（%），其中游泳為主要接觸水體方式，問卷人員組成見圖1。而不同季節(jié)對大腸桿菌總數(shù)的影響不大，說明無論是高水溫季節(jié)還是低水溫秋季，各排污口和城鎮(zhèn)對長江和支流的污染始終存在。19忠縣鳴玉溪 晴30水樣為溪水，渾濁，無嗅味。13五橋河 多云26水樣為河水，較渾濁，無味。9明鏡灘 陰25排污口，上有排水公司。3港務(wù)局晴29排污口，水樣為江水，較渾濁，無味。 細(xì)菌總數(shù)和總大腸菌群數(shù)的測定按《水和廢水監(jiān)測分析方法（第四版）》[8]進(jìn)行，細(xì)菌各樣品的每個(gè)稀釋度均做3次重復(fù)，大腸菌群數(shù)測定采用多管發(fā)酵法。大腸菌群數(shù)還能反映水體受糞便污染的狀況，確定水污染來源，間接反映水體病原菌的水平，故細(xì)菌總數(shù)和總大腸菌群2項(xiàng)微生物指標(biāo)在水質(zhì)衛(wèi)生學(xué)監(jiān)測或湖泊、水庫營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)及污染程度的評價(jià)、預(yù)測方面有著重要意義[4, 6, 7]。17前言長江是兩岸人們生活、工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)用水的水源，也是我國主要淡水資源。11致謝8 污水、廢水和長江支流對水庫水質(zhì)的影響4 三峽水庫兩岸居民水體接觸的問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果4 不同季節(jié)監(jiān)測點(diǎn)水樣細(xì)菌總數(shù)檢測結(jié)果1 培養(yǎng)基研究表明，長江兩岸的排污口和經(jīng)城的長江支流對三峽水庫的微生物污染較大，應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)措施。第十一屆“挑戰(zhàn)杯”全國大學(xué)生課外學(xué)術(shù)科技作品競賽重慶參賽作品 作品名稱： 三峽庫區(qū)腹地水體微生物污染調(diào)查及其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià) 申報(bào)者姓名 （集體名稱）： “三峽庫區(qū)水體微生物污染監(jiān)測”課題組 類別：■自然科學(xué)類學(xué)術(shù)論文 □哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)類社會調(diào)查報(bào)告和學(xué)術(shù)論文 □科技發(fā)明制作A類 □科技發(fā)明制作B類 報(bào)送方式：□省級報(bào)送作品□高校直送作品18 / 25三峽庫區(qū)腹地水體微生物污染調(diào)查及其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)Microbial Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment of Waters in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area作者：“三峽庫區(qū)水體微生物污染監(jiān)測”課題組指導(dǎo)教師：肖國生地址：重慶市萬州區(qū)沙龍路二段780號 郵編：404000中文摘要對庫區(qū)水體微生物污染調(diào)查和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估有助于了解其水質(zhì)衛(wèi)生狀況。關(guān)鍵詞：三峽庫區(qū)；細(xì)菌總數(shù)；總大腸菌群；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)英文摘要Abstract: Microbiological monitoring and risk assessment of the Three Gorges Water Reservoir conduces to the understanding of the public health state of its water quality. 40 water samples were collected from 21 monitoring sites located at Wanzhou, Yunyang, Kaixian, Zhongxian in March, July to August, November in 2008, respectively. The total bacteria (mL1) and the Coliform (L1) in water samples were detected using flatpanel and multibarrel fermentation methods, respectively. Combining questionnaires of exposure to the waters, the betaPoisson model was used to assess the probability of E. coli infection in monitoring waters. The results showed that % (34/38) water samples were the very dirty water, % were the dirty water and not so clean water. According to the national surface water environmental quality standards, % (11/38), % (3/38), % (10/38), % (10/38), and % (4/38) of water samples belonged to V, IV, III, II and Iclass water quality, respectively. The surface waters in the vicinity of sewage effluents and rivers across the city were severely polluted, and the surface waters away from sewage effluents and in the downstream of sewage treatment plants and the rivers across suburb were slightly polluted. The total bacteria were significantly affected and the total coliform was not affected by seasons. The survey of exposure to waters showed that % of inquired people exposed the waters by swimming. mL water was swallowed per person. The exposed p
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