三峽庫區(qū)腹地水體微生物污染調(diào)查及其風險評價-wenkub
2023-04-22 03:08:58 本頁面
【正文】 其風險評價Microbial Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment of Waters in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area作者：“三峽庫區(qū)水體微生物污染監(jiān)測”課題組指導教師：肖國生地址：重慶市萬州區(qū)沙龍路二段780號 郵編：404000中文摘要對庫區(qū)水體微生物污染調(diào)查和風險評估有助于了解其水質(zhì)衛(wèi)生狀況。主要表現(xiàn)為排污口附近的江河水和經(jīng)城的河水污染較重，污水處理廠下游、城郊支流和遠離排污口的江水污染較輕，而不同季節(jié)對細菌總數(shù)的影響大，對總大腸菌群數(shù)沒影響。關(guān)鍵詞：三峽庫區(qū)；細菌總數(shù)；總大腸菌群；風險評價英文摘要Abstract: Microbiological monitoring and risk assessment of the Three Gorges Water Reservoir conduces to the understanding of the public health state of its water quality. 40 water samples were collected from 21 monitoring sites located at Wanzhou, Yunyang, Kaixian, Zhongxian in March, July to August, November in 2008, respectively. The total bacteria (mL1) and the Coliform (L1) in water samples were detected using flatpanel and multibarrel fermentation methods, respectively. Combining questionnaires of exposure to the waters, the betaPoisson model was used to assess the probability of E. coli infection in monitoring waters. The results showed that % (34/38) water samples were the very dirty water, % were the dirty water and not so clean water. According to the national surface water environmental quality standards, % (11/38), % (3/38), % (10/38), % (10/38), and % (4/38) of water samples belonged to V, IV, III, II and Iclass water quality, respectively. The surface waters in the vicinity of sewage effluents and rivers across the city were severely polluted, and the surface waters away from sewage effluents and in the downstream of sewage treatment plants and the rivers across suburb were slightly polluted. The total bacteria were significantly affected and the total coliform was not affected by seasons. The survey of exposure to waters showed that % of inquired people exposed the waters by swimming. mL water was swallowed per person. The exposed persons had % skin health plaints。 Total Bacteria。1 采樣時間2 采樣點2 大腸桿菌感染風險初步評價32 結(jié)果4 不同季節(jié)監(jiān)測點水體總大腸菌群數(shù)檢測結(jié)果5 監(jiān)測點水體微生物污染情況分析及大腸桿菌感染風險評價結(jié)果9 大腸桿菌感染風險評價的意義、存在的問題14附錄2三峽水庫兩岸居民接觸水體問卷調(diào)查樣表三峽工程的興建，使三峽水庫的水質(zhì)安全倍受國內(nèi)外關(guān)注[1]。目前，對三峽庫區(qū)水體的監(jiān)測主要集中在生化需氧量(BOD)，化學需氧量（COD）、溶解氧（DO）和重金屬等指標[2]。本研究通過監(jiān)測三峽庫區(qū)內(nèi)萬州、云陽、忠縣和開縣監(jiān)測點水樣中的細菌總數(shù)及總大腸菌群數(shù)，對其水質(zhì)進行初步評價，并結(jié)合水體接觸問卷調(diào)查用β泊松模型評價監(jiān)測水體的健康風險，有助于了解庫區(qū)部分水體微生物污染狀況，為庫區(qū)水質(zhì)綜合防治提供依據(jù)。將水樣迅速運回進行檢驗，保證從取樣到檢驗不超過2 h，4℃保存不超過6 h。 水體污染程度的分析根據(jù)細菌總數(shù)判斷水樣的清潔程度[5]：極清潔10~102 CFU/mL；清潔102~103 CFU/mL；不太清潔103~104 CFU/mL；不清潔104~105 CFU/mL；極度不清潔105 CFU/mL。2苧溪河陰11水樣為入江河水，較清澈，無味。4江峽碼頭陰11排污口，水樣為江水，無味。6開縣南河 晴29經(jīng)開縣城區(qū)，水樣為河水，呈淺黃，無味。上游水樣為河水，深綠色，較清澈，有臭味。11石寶大橋 雨轉(zhuǎn)晴20苧溪河分支，水樣為河水，前有萬州美食城，深綠色，無味，較清澈。14江南新區(qū)晴13岸有施工地，水樣為距岸較近的江水，無味。 陰17水樣為河水，上游有豬場和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖所，黃綠，無味。20忠縣城區(qū) 晴30水樣為城邊江水，渾濁，無味。但無論任何季節(jié)，經(jīng)城區(qū)的支流、排污口附近的水中細菌數(shù)普遍較高，遠離排污口的江水和城郊支流的細菌數(shù)較低，說明排污口和城鎮(zhèn)對長江和支流造成了較重的污染。表2 不同季節(jié)監(jiān)測點水
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