【正文】 her.在我和室友羅伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次約會(huì)。而我也能施予她足夠多的“智慧之珠”，讓她變得“談吐優(yōu)雅”。 The doctrine of logic,” I said, is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distort the truth, and some of them are well known. First let39。I could see she was stumped. Polly, I explained, it39。這似乎不言自明，對(duì)吧？仔細(xì)聽(tīng)好了：你不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，羅伯也不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，那么這所學(xué)校里好像是沒(méi)有人會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)?！監(jiān)h, this is awful, awful, she whispered in a choked voice.“哇，這太可怕了，太可怕了，”她哽咽著輕聲說(shuō)到。舉個(gè)例子：學(xué)生考試時(shí)應(yīng)該允許看課本，因?yàn)橥饪漆t(yī)生在做手術(shù)時(shí)可以看 X 光片。”I still think it’s a good idea, said Polly.“我仍然認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)好主意，”波莉說(shuō)。s a little premature, don39。re not a cake. You39。Polly, I love you. Please say you39?！安贿^(guò)不要對(duì)它們太死板，我是說(shuō)這都是些學(xué)術(shù)的東西。你是否能給我一個(gè)充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？””Wow, what presumption! I’ll put it in a way someone as brilliant as you can understand,”retorted Polly,her voice dripping with sarcasm.””Full disclosure I like Rob in told him to say yes to you so he should have your jacket!” “喔，這是什么假設(shè)?。榱俗屜衲氵@樣聰明的人能夠明白，我這么說(shuō)吧，”波莉反駁道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，“事情的真相是——我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。re irresistibly desirable, and they refuse to change this opinion even when they grow bald and their faces visibly wrinkle as they age.其原因是，男性和女性對(duì)外表的看法截然不同。s done all he can.我相信，大多數(shù)男性都不會(huì)對(duì)自己的相貌感到過(guò)分自傲。如果非要我猜測(cè)大多數(shù)女性對(duì)自己的相貌是如何評(píng)價(jià)的話，那肯定是：“還不夠好。要達(dá)到這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是很荒唐的，尤其是當(dāng)我們想想那種洋娃娃的腰圍尺寸，就知道其相對(duì)尺寸對(duì)任何一個(gè)活人來(lái)說(shuō)都是不可企及的。我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)一期《奧普拉脫口秀》，在節(jié)目中，超級(jí)名模辛迪?克勞馥和演播室里的觀眾分享了自己的化妝秘訣。t face the same societal focus purely on physical beauty, and they39。而事實(shí)是，大多數(shù)男性認(rèn)為美麗不僅僅來(lái)自于口紅和香水，而且他們也不會(huì)去注意這些額外的細(xì)節(jié)。ll know you39。Unit 4Achieving sustainable environmentalism實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的環(huán)保主義Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or disapproval of plastic surgery. But now that everyone from Ted Turner to George H. W. Bush has claimed love for Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, regulations and laws advanced by congressmen and constituents alike in the name of the environment? Clearly, not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How do we segregate the best options and consolidate our varying interests into a single, sound policy?在上流社會(huì)，對(duì)環(huán)境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反對(duì)整容一樣，是一種不可或缺的態(tài)度。For example, preserving the atmosphere stopping ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect is an environmental necessity. Recently, scientists reported that ozone damage is far worse than previously thought. Ozone depletion has a correlation not only with skin cancer and eye problems, it also destroys the ocean39。美國(guó)中西部地區(qū)的糧食供養(yǎng)著全世界。比如，在自然是否友善的問(wèn)題上，當(dāng)下的環(huán)保主義采取了高度選擇性的片面的觀點(diǎn)，而這種觀點(diǎn)與自然造成的災(zāi)難這一現(xiàn)實(shí)是不相協(xié)調(diào)的。這其實(shí)是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的非此即彼的主張。t have your cake and eat it too. And in the standoff of the welfare of caribou versus reducing an oil reliance that gets people killed in wars, I choose people over caribou every time.我像別人一樣喜歡馴鹿。有時(shí)候，為了更加根本的利益，我們不得不犧牲一部分生活中美的東西。s environment.只有當(dāng)人類的命運(yùn)與自然的命運(yùn)密不可分時(shí)，人類才應(yīng)該作出讓步。Unit 5Speaking Chinese in America在美國(guó)說(shuō)中文Once, at a dinner on the Monterey Peninsula, California, my mother whispered to me confidentially: Sausau (brother39。t.嫂嫂皺起了眉頭，“不要，真不要！”她一邊大聲說(shuō)一邊拍著自己已經(jīng)吃得很飽的肚子。t breach the old rules of etiquette and say you want it, they won39。作者在文章中提到，中國(guó)語(yǔ)言與文化錯(cuò)綜交織，使中文十分委婉和客套。d scold me.“艾米??！”他們會(huì)這樣責(zé)備我。我父母向我提一連串的要求時(shí)，總是把一切都表述得清清楚楚：“你當(dāng)然會(huì)成為著名的航空工程師，”他們會(huì)鼓勵(lì)我說(shuō)，“對(duì)了，你業(yè)余時(shí)間還要做音樂(lè)會(huì)的鋼琴師。如果一個(gè)旁觀的外人聽(tīng)我母親說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，可能會(huì)得出結(jié)論，說(shuō)她對(duì)過(guò)去和將來(lái)這樣的時(shí)間區(qū)別沒(méi)有概念，或者認(rèn)為她對(duì)人的性別不加區(qū)分，因?yàn)樗岬轿艺煞驎r(shí)總是說(shuō)“她”。t Americans appreciate such an honorary description?“你為什么要抱怨呢？”他們中有人問(wèn)我。我擔(dān)心這種看似無(wú)害的成見(jiàn)實(shí)際會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們對(duì)中國(guó)人難以容忍，并成為中國(guó)人在高層管理職位或主要的司法及政府部門(mén)寥寥無(wú)幾的部分原因。說(shuō)英文的人會(huì)認(rèn)為中文極其難，因?yàn)橹形挠梅浅Ｎ⒚畹穆曊{(diào)變化就可以表示不同的詞語(yǔ)。d scold in Chinese. It39。As any child of immigrant parents knows, there is a special kind of double bind attached to knowing two languages. My parents, for example, spoke to me in both Chinese and English?！盡y uncle nodded and said he understood fully: Americans take things quickly because they have no time to be polite.我舅舅點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，說(shuō)他完全理解：美國(guó)人待人接物快速迅捷，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有時(shí)間客氣來(lái)客氣去。Full, I39。Sausau frowned. B39。The sentimental environmentalists will call this saving nature with a totally wrong frame of mind. Exactly. A sane and intelligible environmentalism does it not for nature39。我們應(yīng)該尊重自然，也可以開(kāi)發(fā)利用自然。I feel similarly about the spotted owl in Oregon. I am no enemy of the owl. If it could be preserved at a negligible cost, I would agree that it should be biodiversity is after all necessary to the ecosystem. But we must remember that not every species is needed to keep that diversity. Sometimes aesthetic aspects of life have to be sacrificed to more fundamental ones. If the cost of preserving the spotted owl is the loss of livelihood for 30,000 logging families, I choose the families (with their saws and chopped timber) over the owl.我對(duì)俄勒岡州的斑點(diǎn)貓頭鷹的態(tài)度也是一樣。The US has just e through a war fought in part over oil. Energy dependence costs Americans not just dollars but lives. It is a bizarre sentimentalism that would deny oil that is peacefully attainable because it risks disrupting the birthing grounds of Arctic caribou.美國(guó)剛剛經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，其部分原因就是為了獲取石油。在建立人類權(quán)威的過(guò)程中，這條原則會(huì)幫助我們梳理各種錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的爭(zhēng)議。它號(hào)召人類保護(hù)自然，但是是在人類自我生存得到保證的前提之下。而海洋生態(tài)是食物鏈的起點(diǎn)，人類則位于該食物鏈的頂端。奢侈品是指那些無(wú)需人類付出代價(jià)就能擁有的給人美好感受的東西。s appearance. This may be because you have shaving cream in your hair and inside the folds of your ears.不管怎樣，言歸正傳：如果你是一位男性，當(dāng)有女士問(wèn)你她看起來(lái)怎么樣時(shí)，你千萬(wàn)不能說(shuō)她看起來(lái)很糟糕，那樣肯定會(huì)使她立刻遷怒于你，這也是你咎由自取。但是，如此費(fèi)力地去取悅男性而他們卻根本不會(huì)注意，同時(shí)又只是招致其他女性的指責(zé)，這樣做究竟有什么好處呢？Anyway, to get back to my original point: If you39。人們會(huì)鼓勵(lì)男性借助其他特征來(lái)提升自尊。I39。你肯定無(wú)法想象他會(huì)問(wèn)別人說(shuō)：“這個(gè)配飾的紫羅蘭色和這件外套配不配呢？”But women grow up thinking they need to look like Barbie dolls or girls on magazine covers, which for most women is impossible. Nonetheless, the multibilliondollar beauty industry, plete with its own aisle in the grocery store, is devoted to constant warfare on female selfesteem, convincing women that they must buy all the newest moisturizing creams, bronzing powders and appliances that promise to stimulate and restore their skin. I once saw an Oprah Show in which supermodel Cindy Crawford dispensed makeup tips to the studio audience. Cindy had all these middleaged women app