【正文】
perative relationship with the government official, the government has the obligation to social development problems with their this way, the nonprofit organization can participate in the policy making process, munication with the government have institutional the UK, on behalf of the government and the nonprofit organization in 1998 signed a the British government and the voluntary and munity sector Relations Agreement.The Agreement establishes 5 items of responsible government and the voluntary and munity sector each them, the government39。 participation in policy formulation process and service objects and other stakeholder consultations。 promotion mutually beneficial relations of government and the voluntary and munity sector。Association Revolution39。由它統(tǒng)一負(fù)責(zé)非營(yíng)利組織的登記注冊(cè),并對(duì)年?duì)I業(yè)額大于 1 萬(wàn)英鎊的非營(yíng) 利組織進(jìn)行審查監(jiān)督?!贝送?,還存在政府對(duì)非營(yíng)利部門(mén)的資金支持問(wèn)題。每年對(duì)協(xié)議的實(shí)施情況進(jìn)行評(píng)估。這樣,非營(yíng)利組織就可以參與到政策的制定過(guò)程,與政府的溝通就有了制度上的保障。在美國(guó),近年來(lái)的一個(gè)新趨勢(shì)是非營(yíng)利部門(mén)日益變得商業(yè)化起來(lái)。另外,有些國(guó)家針對(duì)非營(yíng)利部門(mén)設(shè)有專(zhuān)門(mén)的基本法律,用以促進(jìn)這類(lèi)組織的發(fā)展和規(guī)范其活動(dòng),如日本的《非營(yíng)利組織法》,南非的《特定非營(yíng)利活動(dòng)促進(jìn)法》,德國(guó)的《結(jié)社法》,匈牙利的《公益組織法》,捷克的《公益法人法》等等,側(cè)重點(diǎn)各不一樣,但其作用地位均是予以公民自組織更大的法律生存空間,明確非營(yíng)利組織的法人地位,將之納入適當(dāng)?shù)姆ㄈ酥贫润w系,以確保非營(yíng)利組織的自主性、自治性。其結(jié)果是,出現(xiàn)了一種全球性的第三部門(mén)即數(shù)量眾多的自我管理的私人組織,他們不是致力于分配利潤(rùn)給股東或董事,而是在正式的國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)之外追求公共目標(biāo)。 附件 1:外文資料翻譯譯文 政府與私人捐贈(zèng)是否矛盾? 從非營(yíng)利組織樣本得到的新證據(jù) 摘要 非營(yíng)利組織的發(fā)展根植于市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和民主政治體制,歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)有上百年的發(fā)展歷史,其非營(yíng)利組織在法律制度、資金籌集、與政府關(guān)系及內(nèi)外部監(jiān)督管理體制等方面的一些成熟經(jīng)驗(yàn)值得在實(shí)踐中結(jié) 合實(shí)際情況加以利用 關(guān)鍵詞 :非營(yíng)利組織,發(fā)展,啟示, 社區(qū)組織 1 介紹 發(fā)展中國(guó)家的非營(yíng)利組織正在發(fā)展之中。譯文基本忠實(shí)于原文,表達(dá)較準(zhǔn)確, 文字較為規(guī)范。 2 案例研究背景 非營(yíng)利組織的興起。在美國(guó),根據(jù)聯(lián)邦稅法 501C3,在宗教、慈善、 教育 、 科學(xué) 、公共安全實(shí)驗(yàn)、文學(xué)、促進(jìn)業(yè)余 體育 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或防止虐待兒童或動(dòng)物等七個(gè)方面,從事非營(yíng)利性、非政治性活動(dòng)的組織可以申請(qǐng)成為慈善組織,獲得稅收優(yōu)惠。其余國(guó)家則更為有限,英、德、法、日分別僅占 12%、 4%、 7%、 1%。較為充裕的資金來(lái)源,在一定程度上確保非營(yíng)利組織有能力實(shí)現(xiàn)其救助的功能、民主參與及民主管理的功能、科學(xué)文化的創(chuàng)新功能、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的功能及彌補(bǔ)政府與 市場(chǎng)失靈的功能。對(duì)可能影響志愿及社會(huì)部門(mén)的政策制定需要征詢它們的意見(jiàn) 。同政府一起對(duì)協(xié)議的實(shí)施情況進(jìn)行評(píng)估。非營(yíng)利組織需要向聯(lián)邦稅務(wù)局報(bào)告財(cái)務(wù)情況,如果它申請(qǐng)獲得了聯(lián)邦稅法第 501 條規(guī)定的稅收優(yōu)惠的資格,則由稅務(wù)局負(fù)責(zé)審查核準(zhǔn),同時(shí)通過(guò)公開(kāi)和透明的機(jī)制對(duì)其開(kāi)展活動(dòng)和運(yùn)作的全過(guò)程實(shí)行社會(huì)監(jiān)督。 4 結(jié)論 非營(yíng)利組織與營(yíng)利組織一樣存在著財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),為了提高非營(yíng)利組織的財(cái)務(wù)管理水平,使非營(yíng)利組織呈良性發(fā)展,非營(yíng)利組織應(yīng)該重視財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),對(duì)其財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行識(shí)別,并建立預(yù)警機(jī)制對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行控制,以便采取相應(yīng)的措施避免非營(yíng)利組織陷入財(cái)務(wù)困境,在確定了財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)警指標(biāo)后,非營(yíng)利組織可以采用專(zhuān)家調(diào)查法、德?tīng)柗品▉?lái)對(duì)這些指標(biāo)賦予權(quán)重,然后構(gòu)建一個(gè)多元線性函數(shù)模型。s responsibility mainly includes: the recognition and support of the voluntary and munity sector independence。 promote mutually beneficial relations of work。 may impact on the voluntary and munity sector policy makers need to consult them advice。 附件 2:外文原文 Does the government crowdout private donations? New evidence from a sample of the nonprofit organization Abstract The development of nonprofit organizations is rooted in the market economy and democratic political system, and developed market economy has a history of one hundred nonprofit organizations in the legal system, fund raising,and government relations and internal and external supervision and management system and other aspects of the experience is worth us in practice, bined with their own actual conditions to use. Keywords Nonprofit organization, development, enlightenment, munity organization 1 Introduction The development of nonprofit organizations is in developing countries. In recent years, the government from almighty government to limited government, provides a broad institutional space for the development of nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit organizations, on the one hand can effectively make up the defect as a national system for the first sector of the lack of efficiency, and better able