【正文】 RI VRFLHW\ ZRXOG EH D VLJQLILFDQW FKDQJH LQ WKH ZD\ ZH XVH GDWD DQG PDNH FKRLFHV， EULQJLQJ ZLWK LW LPSRUWDQW TXHVWLRQV DURXQG DFFRXQW DELOLW\ DQG WUXVW. 7KLV LV SDUWLFXODUO\ WUXH IRU LWV XVH E\ JRYHUQ PHQW ， LQ OLJKW RI WKH FRPSDFW WKDW H[LVWV EHWZH HQ LW DQG FLWL]HQ V， DQG LWV UHVSRQ VLELO LW \ IRU WKHLU ZHOOEHLQJ DQG VHFXUL W\. $W WKH SUHVHQ W WLPH WKHUH LV JHQHUDOO \ DJUHHPHQ W DPRQJVW H[SHUWV DQG SROLF\P DNHUV WKDW LPSRUWDQW GHFLVLRQV PXVW LQYROYH D 181。r Bildung und Forschung (20xx), Zukunftsbild “Industrie ”, PwC, Industry : Building the digital enterprise. 11 McKinsey Industry Global Expert Survey 20xx. Artificial intelligence: opportunities and implications for the future of decision making 10 The use of artificial intelligence by government Government is already using data science techniques such as machine learning, and through the work of the Government Data Programme their use is growing12. These techniques are providing insights into a range of data, from feedback on digital service delivery to agricultural land use through the analysis satellite images. As their sophistication improves more benefits may be realised. For example, we might: ? Make existing services – such as health, social care, emergency services – more efficient by anticipating demand and tailoring services more exactly, enabling resources to be deployed to greatest effect. ? Make it easier for officials to use more data to inform decisions (through quickly accessing relevant information) and to reduce fraud and error. ? Make decisions more transparent (perhaps through capturing digital records of the process behind them, or by visualising the data that underpins a decision). ? Help departments better understand the groups they serve, in order to be sure that the right support and opportunity is offered to everyone. Other applications will bee apparent as the use of data and artificial intelligence bees more mainstream. Government is a special body, with unique obligations that do not fall on private anisations. It must be transparent about the way it acts, follow due process, and be accountable to its citizens. This means there are special responsibilities for government, beyond the general points outlined above, which follow from its use of artificial intelligence and big data. Recognising this, the government has published a guide to the ethical use of data science tools within government for government analysts13. This first iteration of a code of practice was developed with extensive external input and iterated with data scientists inside government to make it as practical and useful as possible. Two uses with particular relevance for government are highlighted here: the use of artificial intelligence to advise, and possible legal implications of the use of artificial intelligence. Advice Artificial intelligence has a clear advisory role to play beyond traditional ?decisionsupport systems‘, supporting decisionmaking through assembling relevant data, identifying pertinent questions and topics for the attention of policymakers, and in helping to generate written advice. Already, government is beginning to find value in using artificial intelligence to assist public servants in the delivery of digital services. It is likely that many types of government decisions will be deemed unsuitable to be handed over entirely to artificial intelligence systems. There will always be a ?human in the loop‘. This person39。HHS OHDUQLQJ LV D VXEVHW RI PDFKLQH OHDUQLQJ WKDW GHSHQGV RQ XVLQJ OD\HUV RI QRQOLQHDU DOJRULWKPLF SURFHVVHV WR ILQG SDWWHUQV RU FODVVLI\ GDWD. 7KHUH DUH PDQ\ GLIIHUHQW WHFKQLTXHV ZLWKLQ WKLV JHQHUDO DSSURDFK 177。 Artificial intelligence: opportunities and implications for the future of decision making Artificial intelligence: opportunities and implications for the future of decision making Foreword We are in currently in the foothills of a new technological revolution. Artificial intelligence has the potential to be as transformative in our lifetimes as the steampowered economy of the 19th century. Already it‘s letting us to talk to our smartphones, remending us music, describing photos for the visually impaired and flagging up fire risks in cities. In the near future we could see it deployed in everything from driverless cars, to intelligent energy grids, to the eradication of infectious diseases. In government too we are looking at the potential applications of this technology in the delivery of public services. Our Government Data Programme is increasing the number of projects and data scientists in government, while playing a leading role in establishing the appropriate use of these powerful new tools. As one the world‘s leading digital nations, artificial intelligence presents a huge opportunity for the UK. Get this right, and we can create a more prosperous economy with better and more fulfilling jobs. We can protect our environment by using resources more efficiently. And we can make government smarter, using the power of data to improve our public services. As we39。HHS OHDUQ L QJ 39。 manufacturing should derive the greatest benefits, with the greatest gains across all sectors set to e from efficiency savings7. Another report from 20xx predicts major operational savings for European governments by using big data, in addition to opportunities to increase tax revenues and reduce fraud and error8. A 20xx study of 500 UK businesses, meanwhile, concluded that those who make better use of customer and consumer data are between 8 and 13 per cent more productive than firms who don‘t9. More broadlydefined forecasts for the im