【正文】 保持原來(lái)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)從句翻譯* 直接譯成‘被’字結(jié)構(gòu) 保持被動(dòng)，選擇表述* In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization — with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed — was spread over nearly a century.* ，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來(lái)的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革，延續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久才完成。* He was educated at Zhejiang 。我不是個(gè)號(hào)碼。八點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)始的宵禁把人們從街道趕走。* ，尤其是固定詞組或搭配被句子其他成分分隔開(kāi)的時(shí)候。英語(yǔ)中的一些詞結(jié)合了兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的語(yǔ)義成分，而漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有一個(gè)單獨(dú)的詞可以完全表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵。污染使得整個(gè)海濱區(qū)的商業(yè)蒙受了巨大損失。如：It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to levels anywhere near the ：可以看出，這四種煤的總含硫量?jī)H靠預(yù)先洗選將不能降低到完全接近標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的水平。如果選擇先譯從句，再譯主句，一般可以譯為?原因就在這里，?理由就在這里等。如果先譯從句，后譯主句，通常譯為?就是這個(gè)道理，?就是這個(gè)意思等。二、介詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
。It is because a conductor carrying is surrounded by a magnetic ：這就是因?yàn)檩d流導(dǎo)體周?chē)幸淮艌?chǎng)。The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cause less ：滾動(dòng)軸承的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它產(chǎn)生的摩擦力較小。有時(shí)也可先譯從句，再譯主句。* The medical waste that has fouled beaches in the New York region at the peak of the summer season has taken its toll on business all along the shore, driving vacationers away both from beaches that have been closed and from those that have remained open.* 醫(yī)療用品生產(chǎn)廠家的廢棄物污染了紐約地區(qū)的海濱。* We are thus led to distinguish,/ within the broad educational process/ which we have been so far considering,/ a more formal kind of education/ — that of direct tuition or schooling.* 【意群直譯】我們因此會(huì)試圖區(qū)分/在廣義的教育過(guò)程中/我們迄今為止一直在思考的/一種更為正規(guī)的教育/——那就是直接的指導(dǎo)或?qū)W校教育* 【全句整合】到此為止，我們一直在思考廣義的教育過(guò)程，而現(xiàn)在，我們由此不得不試圖從句翻譯找出一種更為正規(guī)的教育，即直接的指導(dǎo)或?qū)W校教育。理解長(zhǎng)難句，從整體上把握句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。* Once you are employed by this pany, you will be sent overseas.* 一旦你被這個(gè)公司所錄取，你將被派往海外。我的名字將作為一個(gè)反納粹的作家而被銘記。* By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.* 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí)，這個(gè)組織救了800多人，但這是以200多個(gè)比利時(shí)人和法國(guó)人的生命為代價(jià)的。例如： * He cut the remark out of the final program lest it should offend the should start early so that we might get there before noon.* The murderer ran way as fast as he could so that he might not be caught redhanded.* They stepped into a helicopter and flew high in the sky in order that they might have a bird’s eye view of the * Has the letter been mailed? “信被寄了沒(méi)有？”“信寄了沒(méi)有？”* Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed.* ，通過(guò)這種手段這些感受被引發(fā)和傳遞。* ②注意even if與even though的區(qū)別：even if意為“即使”，表述的內(nèi)容不一定為即成事實(shí)；even though則表示“盡管”，即盡管有什么樣的事實(shí)存在。*②兩種條件句：* ，表示現(xiàn)實(shí)的或可能會(huì)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的條件，用直陳語(yǔ)氣。試比較以下三個(gè)句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：* As the time went on, the weather got worse.* When he was eating his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring.* Strike while the iron is hot.* Hardly had we arrived when it began to rain.* There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.* 就在一批又一批科學(xué)家極力要使我們意識(shí)到全球氣候變暖這一越來(lái)越大的威脅時(shí)，今天出現(xiàn)了令人不安的類(lèi)似情況。* An obedient son, I had accepted my father’s decision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all.* 作為一個(gè)孝順的兒子，我接受了父親的決定去當(dāng)醫(yī)生，雖然我對(duì)這樣的前途毫無(wú)興趣。，我們可以考慮把它放在先行詞之前* But the idea/ that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen/ rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.【意群直譯】但是這種觀點(diǎn)/記者必須比普通公民更深刻地理解法律/立足于對(duì)新聞媒體既定習(xí)俗和特殊責(zé)任的了解從句翻譯* 【全句整合】但是“新聞?dòng)浾弑仨毐绕胀ü窀羁痰乩斫夥伞边@種觀點(diǎn)立足于對(duì)新聞媒體既定習(xí)俗和特殊責(zé)任的了解。（表讓步）* She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was。* 春天，公園里成千上萬(wàn)朵嬌艷的紅玫瑰幾乎同時(shí)盛開(kāi)，讓人流連忘返。* 他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)理想是買(mǎi)個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛(ài)的，而且過(guò)去許多中國(guó)人為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。前置法：* 如果定語(yǔ)從句較短，限制能力較強(qiáng)，一般我們將此類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句譯成帶“的”的定語(yǔ)詞組，放在被修飾的先行詞的前面。賓語(yǔ)：me。狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞甚至整句，說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、伴隨狀況、目的等等。是和系動(dòng)詞緊密相連的。句子的各種時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化都在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上變3。謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么，干什么，怎么樣。1。翻譯時(shí)，順序一般不變。在this is what?句型中，如果先譯主句，后譯從句，通常譯為這就是?的內(nèi)容，這就是?的含意等。二、幾種常見(jiàn)句型(this)is why?句型中，如果選擇先譯主句，后譯從句，可以譯成這就是為什么?，這就是為什么?的原因，這就是?的緣故等。參考譯文：再者，顯而易見(jiàn)的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。參考譯文：有些人堅(jiān)信，每張課桌上放一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)終端設(shè)備的時(shí)代即將來(lái)臨，而另一些堅(jiān)持說(shuō)傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方法決不會(huì)讓位于計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)。參考譯文：然而在任何物理學(xué)家所進(jìn)行過(guò)的精細(xì)巧妙的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，都沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)這種影響：光速?zèng)]有變化。The amount of deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the force does not exceed a certain ：本句中的條件狀語(yǔ)由provided引導(dǎo)。參考譯文：所有商業(yè)性通訊衛(wèi)星（1965年開(kāi)始發(fā)射）現(xiàn)在都設(shè)計(jì)用于地球同步軌道。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句翻譯方法非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和它的先行詞之間只有比較松散的關(guān)系，對(duì)先行詞不起限定的作用。While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.（1999年）結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是While there are almost as many?as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as?.while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，翻譯時(shí)可譯為盡管?但是?.as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。參考譯文：鞍座可以是固定的，這樣鋼纜可以在它上面滑動(dòng)，也可以安裝在滾柱上，這樣鞍座就會(huì)隨鋼纜的移動(dòng)而移動(dòng)。例如：No matter how carefully you move your hand toward a fly, the insect will dart off almost every ：不管你多么小心翼翼地把手伸向一只蒼蠅，差不多每次它都飛走。從句翻譯All mercial munication satellites, which began to be launched in1965, are now designed for use in geosynchronous orbits（地球同步軌道）。參考譯文：今年秋天，如果一切順利的話，一只革命性新潛艇將輕輕在蒙特利海灣下水，進(jìn)行它的第一次航行。Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity（速度）of light did not ：定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是簡(jiǎn)單的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯成前置的定語(yǔ)詞組。There are those who insist that the era of a puter terminal on every desk is just around the corner, while others insist that traditional teaching methods will never give way to puterized ：在翻譯there be句型中的定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用此方法。如：Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.（2000年）結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Furthermore, it is obvious that?, and that?.這是典型的句型It+is+obvious+that ，真正的主語(yǔ)是由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)從句: the strength is?bound with?, that this?rests upon the efforts?.第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句中的詞組be bound up with是與?有關(guān)聯(lián)之意；在第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句中，代詞this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,譯為效率的提高。The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cause less ：滾動(dòng)軸承的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它產(chǎn)生的摩擦力較小。It is because a conductor carrying is surrounded by