【正文】 sector rather left than right, Do not loose rather tight, the public economic resources distribution of the difference in treatment still exists, the financial sector credit is still not open to the private sector, few financing channels for enterprises, the total financing is limited. These negative effects lead to the private sector was afraid to expand investment, foreign investment is also a lack of confidence, changes in macrosocial environmental factors on the status of financial management functions, and the space has a direct impact. 2. the microenvironmental factors Private anization, structure, production and operation management, quality of 外文資料翻譯 — 英文原文 2 state owners and financial officers, corporate culture have affected the financial management of development. （ 1） the choice of different types of anizational forms of enterprises, and its structure is different capital sources, corporate law applicable to different and differences in financial management activities are carried out in different spatial scales. Select the private limited liability pany form of anization in the majority, but most of the private sector, relatives, family, friends, coanized enterprises, such enterprises in the construction of the initial bonds of friendship instead of rules and regulations. Different forms of business anization, and its capital structure is also different, capital structure and anizational patterns of corporate finance and financial management oversight of specific content. （ 2） the owners quality: Private property owners are often not only investors but also managers, and his quality directly affects the financial management activities. Financial management goals can be achieved depends on the owner to take control of military strategy, monitor the quality of financial management. （ 3） the corporate culture. Owners in the formation of corporate culture plays a very important role. Corporate culture will affect the selection and use of financial management, financial management duties and powers and financial information disclosed in corporate management level. Culture also to some extent and stability to attract an important factor in the financial management personnel. （ 4） science and technology development. Hightech private enterprises, the human resources are an important resource, business development and growth depends on technological innovation and management innovation. Therefore, development of science and technology enterprise management mechanism and the profit distribution mechanism, but also affect the functions of financial management to play. Both in the objective and the impact of microfactors, microfactors on the enterprise financial management activities stimulate greater. The following focuses on a microenvironmental factors, analyzes the different environmental factors affect the financial management features. financial management features Only through a variety of factors in the financial environment, the role of the coordination of financial activities to achieve a balance in order to survive and develop. 外文資料翻譯 — 英文原文 3 Private sources of financial management, financial control model has mon side。這次論文的寫作大大 提高了我的動(dòng)手能力以及理論結(jié)合實(shí)際的能力，當(dāng)然由于自己的水平有限，該篇論文的深度還有所不足，缺乏一定的量化分析，說服力略顯不足。從道德上加以防范，一是要建立一個(gè)職業(yè)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使得各個(gè)行業(yè)成為“以知識(shí)和智慧獲取公平利潤，以正直和誠信獲取陽光利潤，以拼搏和創(chuàng)新獲取功德利潤，以人人為我與我為人人獲取良心利潤”的道德行業(yè)。 進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化道德調(diào)控 河南科技大學(xué) 國際教育 學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 20 道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的防范離不開道德的作用。 建立以人文本的管理理念，創(chuàng)造良好的工作環(huán)境 企業(yè)應(yīng)盡可能為員工提供寬敞、明亮、整潔、安全的工作場所，拓展管理者與員工的溝通渠道，營造一個(gè)充分溝通、信息知識(shí)共享額環(huán)境。當(dāng)信譽(yù)不再是道德問題而形成制度時(shí)，道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將得到有效的抑制。 （ 1）采取激勵(lì)合同。房產(chǎn)中介業(yè)在我國屬于固定投入和變動(dòng)成本較低的服務(wù)性行業(yè)，中介機(jī)構(gòu)普遍規(guī)模較小，資金實(shí)力較弱及業(yè)務(wù)量偏少，從業(yè)人員素質(zhì)參差不齊。 但在實(shí)際中，存在很多經(jīng)理不可觀察的因素，即信息不對(duì)稱的影響，使激勵(lì)政策有嚴(yán)重的缺陷。旅游回扣講的只是一個(gè)“利 ” 字，利字若當(dāng)頭，會(huì)使旅游線路產(chǎn)品呈現(xiàn)低端化趨勢。在消費(fèi)者采用旅游這種消費(fèi)形式的初期，由于旅游知識(shí)的缺乏我國旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的不完善，加之旅行社報(bào)價(jià)的低廉，許多旅游者都委托旅行社安排自己的旅行生活但是，由于導(dǎo)游人員為了獲得高額回扣與小費(fèi)而通過加快游覽步伐減少講解內(nèi)容等手段來節(jié)約出購物時(shí)間，這些行為又多數(shù)被導(dǎo)游控制在旅游者無法投訴的范圍之內(nèi)，由劉春濟(jì) (2021)的研究結(jié)果，國內(nèi)旅游者對(duì)國內(nèi)導(dǎo)游服務(wù)質(zhì)量的 滿意度低于其期望值。由于小費(fèi)可以產(chǎn)生工資所不可能帶來的極高的收入效應(yīng)，同時(shí)具有隨時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)，因此很多導(dǎo)游都把索要小費(fèi)作為重要的收入來源。而且在各大網(wǎng)站的民調(diào)中，陳曉在道德層面上遭受的廣泛質(zhì)疑，他即使取得了利益最大化，在道德判庭上被戳脊梁骨的滋味一定不河南科技大學(xué) 國際教育 學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 13 好受。這一學(xué)習(xí)過 程是漫長和痛苦的，通常都要付出高昂代價(jià)。其次要建立 并且善于使用激勵(lì)機(jī)制，國美之爭中黃光裕在對(duì)高管配發(fā)股權(quán)時(shí)的“吝嗇”和陳曉的“大方”構(gòu)成了鮮明的對(duì)比，結(jié)果“大方”戰(zhàn)勝了“吝嗇”。 9 月 28 日國美召開特別股東大會(huì)，就黃光裕要求做出表決。包括工作滿意度，職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃，以及個(gè)人的專業(yè)素質(zhì)、身體素質(zhì)、心理素質(zhì)、人際關(guān)系等。當(dāng)前銀行的不良資產(chǎn)處理措施，都具滯后性，這與銀行不良資產(chǎn)的界定有關(guān)，同時(shí)還與銀行信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù) 測機(jī)制、轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制、控制機(jī)制沒有完全統(tǒng)一有關(guān)。這種高負(fù)債造成了企業(yè)的低效益，潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也就與日俱增。用倫理道德來防范金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，在一定程度上具有正式制度不可替代的作用，倫理道德足保證信用存在、交易順利進(jìn)行的基礎(chǔ)，誠實(shí)守信是人們在金融經(jīng)濟(jì)交往中的基本行為準(zhǔn)則，也是任何社會(huì)中經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體生存與發(fā)展必不可少的一項(xiàng)倫 理規(guī)范。比利時(shí)、中國、英國、瑞典、日本和新加坡等國投了反對(duì)票。一旦人們對(duì)專家、 權(quán)威失去了基本的信任 ,由此引發(fā)的道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)恐怕是極具災(zāi)難性的。在不同話語解釋系統(tǒng)當(dāng)中 ,行為的道德意義存在著極大的差異。信息優(yōu)勢分為“隱蔽行動(dòng)”和“隱蔽信息”。 斯蒂格利茨等三位學(xué)者“ 使用不對(duì)稱信息進(jìn)行市場分析 ” ,發(fā)現(xiàn)信息不對(duì)稱必定導(dǎo)致信息擁有方為牟取自身更大利益 ,使另一方的利益受損 ,這種行為造成一種道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。我國信息不對(duì)稱的研究潛力較大 , 發(fā)展前景較好。其次 , 研究深度不夠。 國內(nèi)關(guān)于防范道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的研究 國內(nèi)學(xué)者關(guān)于信息不對(duì)稱的研究始于 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代初 , 經(jīng)過多年的探索和研究后 ,1989 年中國信息經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)會(huì)的成立將其推入了迅速發(fā)展階段。對(duì)同一問題的近期研究形成了“委托一代理理論 ，也稱為 “激勵(lì)理論”[3]。 信息不對(duì)稱發(fā)生在交易契約簽訂之前，容易引發(fā)“逆向選擇”。所以信息資源配置的社會(huì)化、市場化將是一種必然趨勢。下面將對(duì)這 兩類知識(shí)的分配壯況進(jìn)行分析。 隨著社會(huì)化大生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展，社會(huì)分工越來越細(xì)，越來越復(fù)雜，為了適應(yīng)這樣的現(xiàn)狀，教育制度也逐漸向?qū)ｉT化方向傾斜，人類的學(xué)習(xí)被固定在一個(gè)特定的領(lǐng)域之內(nèi)，而兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域之間又幾乎是 封閉的，想要獲得自己領(lǐng)域外的信息要付出很大的代價(jià)，這就像一道道無形的圍墻將各個(gè)領(lǐng)域分割開來，造成是巨大的信息不對(duì)稱。 Improve their selfowned capital adequacy ratio。河南科技大學(xué) 國際教育 學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 I 論 信息不對(duì)稱與企業(yè)道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的防范 摘 要 在當(dāng)今這個(gè)信息大爆炸的年 代，信息作為一種經(jīng)濟(jì)資源，其作用開始變得日益重要，信息不對(duì)稱正是 由于 各個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)主體所擁有信息的不同而 產(chǎn)生的。 關(guān) 鍵 詞： 信息不對(duì)稱，道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，防范，委托代理理論，激勵(lì) 河南科技大學(xué) 國際教育 學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 II THE INFORMATION ASYMMETRY AND ENTERPRISE MORAL HAZARD PREVENTION ABSTRACT In the modern era, the big bang of information as a kind of economic resources information, its function to bee increasingly important, information asymmetry formally with different information to produce. Information asymmetry phenomenon widely exists in every aspect of the economy and society, and according to the information asymmetry produce different time can cause two results, one is adverse selection, the other is a moral hazard. This paper mainly studies h