【正文】 ng himself at the desk擁有了自己的邏輯主語he，注意是“主格”）= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a key to the bike lost, he had to walk to ，他只好步行去學(xué)校。t afford any time.）The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the ，每人翻譯全書的四分之一。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句Because the boy led the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit ，他感到有點(diǎn)兒緊張。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）C．ed形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”與邏輯主語+動(dòng)詞的ing形式一樣，如果ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話，就需要用ed形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The manager looks worried，many things to , 有這么多的事情要處理。With his son so disappointing，the old man felt ,老人感到很不快樂。= After the signal was given, the train wouldn’t dare go home without the job ，我不敢回家。（without不能省略）九、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當(dāng)原因狀語、時(shí)間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外，還能作定語。(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)3．表示條件Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next ，我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運(yùn)動(dòng)會。（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them ，其中許多是兒童。（不要改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be ，有些錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的。when success。需要提示的是，不 是所有用連詞的地方都可以改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。4．表示伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his ,手里拿著根手杖。（After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.）2．表示原因With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newlyelected president is having a hard ，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過。The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to ：在with/without 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his ． with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞的ed形式With his homework done, Peter went out to ，彼得出去玩了。= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are stood in the rain, with his clothes ，衣服濕透了。（=When the task had been pleted, he had two months39。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句If my health allows）4． 表示方式的ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his ，每個(gè)人胸前都帶著一張卡。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句When everyone was ready)The chairman began the meeting , everyone being ，主席開始開會。t afford any ，有這多的作業(yè)要批，我真的抽不出時(shí)間。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or , 你遲早一定會成功的。這些短語有：to be honest。（懸垂分詞）六、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立成分的異同：有的分詞短語可以獨(dú)立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成了習(xí)慣短語。（名詞＋不定式；表時(shí)間）五、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語作狀語的異同：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成狀語從句。四、舉例：There being nothing else to do, they gone ，他們離開了。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒有關(guān)系，通常稱為“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。It is a waste of time trying to explain．設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。間或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。例如： It was wise of him to do that．他那樣做是明智的。3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。(表語)I can tell you where to get this 。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意的：a：not/never too?to, too?not to , but/only too? to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義b：做結(jié)果狀語的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見的不定式動(dòng)詞有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語時(shí)，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for ，他去找父母幫忙。The child standing over there is my brother．站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了農(nóng)活，約翰什么都愿意干。The train to arrive was from London．將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。(已講過)I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒辦法。t help不禁 delay延遲 escape逃跑，逃避 can39。一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite，interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞，漢語意思不是“激動(dòng)”，“高興”，而是“使激動(dòng)”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來買一輛豪華轎車。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))(3）不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。第一篇：2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案專題八 非謂語動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)【專題要點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用法如下：、賓語；；； ，且意義不同的動(dòng)詞或短語；、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別；、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作定語時(shí)的區(qū)別； 、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別；； be 結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種非謂語形式；； ?！局R網(wǎng)絡(luò)】 非謂語動(dòng)詞用法非謂語動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰時(shí)刻開車令人厭煩。3)如果主語是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語是對主語起補(bǔ)充說明 作用。People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分詞作表語分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)?？嫉降牡胤?。attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視 afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 begin開始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 appear似乎，顯得 determine決定 manage設(shè)法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厭惡 pretend假裝 ask問 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love愛 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg請求 fail不能 plan計(jì)劃bother擾亂；煩惱 forget忘記 prefer喜歡，寧愿 care關(guān)心，喜歡 happen碰巧 prepare準(zhǔn)備 decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí)regret抱歉，遺憾 choose選擇 hesitate猶豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承諾，允許 start開始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意，贊同 intend想要 refuse拒絕 decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí)vow起contrive設(shè)法，圖謀 incline有?傾向 propose提議 seek找，尋覓 try試圖2)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式 ask要求，邀請 get請，得到 prompt促使 allow允許 forbid禁止 prefer喜歡，寧愿 announce宣布 force強(qiáng)迫 press迫使 bride 收買 inspire鼓舞 request請求 assist協(xié)助 hate憎惡 pronounce斷定，表示 advise勸告 exhort告誡，勉勵(lì) pray請求authorize授權(quán)，委托 help幫助 remend勸告，推薦 bear容忍 implore懇求 remind提醒 beg請求 induce引誘 report報(bào)告pel強(qiáng)迫 invite吸引，邀請，summon傳喚 mand命令 intend想要，企圖 show 顯示 drive驅(qū)趕 mean意欲，打算 train訓(xùn)練 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve應(yīng)受 leave使，讓 tell告訴 direct指導(dǎo) like喜歡 tempt勸誘 entitle有資格 order命令 warn告誡 enable使能夠 need需要 urge激勵(lì)，力說 encourage鼓勵(lì) oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指責(zé)，譴責(zé) lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat懇求 permit允許 wish希望(2)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語 【口訣記憶】考慮建議盼原諒，避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞 禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡acknowledge承認(rèn)，自認(rèn) cease 停止 mention說到，講到 admit 承認(rèn) tolerate忍受 dislike不喜歡，討厭 advocate：提倡，主張 plete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣賞 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate細(xì)想 enjoy享有，喜愛 bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒can39。t regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔給她講過我的想法。4．不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別(1）不定式作定語1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關(guān)系He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一個(gè)離開教室的。6）不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語。He rushed into the burning house．他沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒著的房子。He went out shutting the door behind 。(目的)2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。(結(jié)果)We are glad to hear the news．我們很高興聽到這消息。(賓語)The difficul