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goods can be monitored for temperature, problem areas identified and alarms raised. Some developments and uses The US military has used RFID technology since the early 1990s with the first deployment to Bosnia in the mid 1990s. The United Kingdom armed forces adopted RFID in 2021 and negotiations are in progress with NATO partners. The US Department of Defense and WalMart require their major suppliers to implement RFID technology in their supply chains by 1 January 2021. All cartons and pallets must be equipped with RFID tags. This will provide a major impetus for the widespread adoption of the technology in the US. UK39。s Tesco supermarket chain has begun work to roll out an RFID work that tracks shipments from its central distribution centre to all 98 Tesco Extra Superstores by Christmas 2021. This is the first stage of a plan to implement RFID across more than 2021 stores and distribution centre in the UK. In January 2021, Gillette announced an order for 500 million RFID tags to be incorporated into razor and razor blade packaging. In March 2021, Beton announced similar plans to weave RFID tags into its designer clothes, although this was reversed in the face of an anized consumer boycott. Master card and American Express have been testing RFID cards. Mobil has been promoting its “Speed pass” fuel card since 1997. Most highend cars are now equipped with an RFID tag in the car keys. Delta Airlines is testing RFID on some services, tagging 40,000 bags. Many other airlines have tested RFID technology but Delta is the first airline to mit to using RFID technology. Delta currently misplaces 4 out of every 1000 bags costing US$100 million per year to recover, deliver or replace them. British Airways announced recently that they will also be investing in RFID technology. British Airways currently misplace 18 bags per 1000 costing an average of US$100 per bag. The airline suffered significant difficulties in 2021 when 11,000 bags were lost following strikes. The seaport operators, who account for 70% of the world39。使用 “電子標簽 ”的對象或資產(chǎn), “讀者 ”來收集標簽信息,射頻識別代表 依照 非光學鄰近通信,信息密度,和雙向溝通能力 改進方面的條形碼 。 在 20世紀 50年代有一個 RFID的技術(shù)與開創(chuàng)性研究和理論探索的科學論文數(shù)量正在出版。在歐洲,動物跟蹤系統(tǒng)成為在意大利,法國,西班牙,葡萄牙和挪威廣泛和收費道路的 RFID設(shè)備。 RFID設(shè)備可分為四大 類的用法: ?防盜(電子商品監(jiān)視) 。 便攜式數(shù)據(jù)采集 用于便攜設(shè)備在標簽的對象所需的數(shù)據(jù)可能會有所不同。 ANSI和 ISO一直在努力開發(fā) RFID 標準,有的已經(jīng)對這種應(yīng)用,動物追蹤( ISO 11784 和 11785)和供應(yīng)鏈的貨物追蹤(異 180003和 ISO 180006)所采用。 在美國國防部和沃爾瑪要求其主要供應(yīng)商于二零零五年一月一日實施 RFID在他們的供應(yīng)鏈技術(shù)。 自 1997年以來美孚一直在推動其 “速通 ”加油卡。 海港經(jīng)營者,誰的 70世界的港口運作%以上已經(jīng)同意部署 RFID標簽來追蹤17,000容器美國 港口每日到達。目前,美元是世界上最偽造貨幣。預(yù)計 RFID 幫助減少除了上述的許多其他應(yīng)用供應(yīng)鏈管理和庫存管理成本。 生 長 在 使 用 無線電頻率識別系統(tǒng)正在成為一種自動識別處于由動物跟蹤訪問控制多種應(yīng)用的實際措施。 歐洲央行正計劃將作為防偽措施,高面額紙幣嵌入 RFID 標簽,到 2021 年。英國航空公司目前每 1000袋錯位 18美元的平均成本一包 100元。 2021年 3月,貝納通宣布了類似的計劃,其名牌服裝編織成 RFID標簽,盡管這是一個有組織的消費者抵制面臨逆轉(zhuǎn)。 美國軍方已開始采用與第一次部署在 20世紀 90年代中期到 90年代初波黑RFID 技術(shù)。 應(yīng)用 主要集中在運輸,物流,制造,加工和安全使用, RFID 的典型應(yīng)用包括動物標簽路不停車收費 ,畜牧業(yè)大通 ,有毒廢物和醫(yī)療廢物管理的訪問控制 ,郵政跟蹤時間和出勤 ,航空行李管理制造流程與機器人 ,紙幣防偽罪犯監(jiān)測 ,防偽護照,在制藥業(yè) ,汽車防盜和報警 . RFID標準 標準化的缺乏和頻率分配缺乏協(xié)調(diào),妨礙了這