【正文】 tronic toll collection in the United States. In 1991 an electronic tolling system opened in Oklahoma where vehicles could pass toll collection points at highway speeds (no toll booths). In Europe there was also considerable interest in RFID applications including toll collections, rail applications and access control. RFID tolling and rail applications appeared in many countries including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, South Korea, South Africa, Singapore and Thailand. Developments continued in the 1990s with integrated circuit development and size reduction until microwave RFID tags were reduced to a single integrated circuit. Currently there is considerable work being undertaken in the rationalization of frequency spectrum allocation between countries, development of standards and the introduction of many mercial applications. There are now over 350 patents registered with the US Patent Office related to RFID and its applications (Table 1). RFID devices can be classified into four usage categories: ? EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance)。s most counterfeited currency. However, with the growth of the European Union, Euro will bee the most mon currency in the world due to its growing The Mexican Government implanted RFID chips into its top judicial officials to provide tracking if the official is kidnapped. It is also used for access These are some examples of current usage of RFID tags. There are other applications under consideration, for example, the incorporation of RFID tags into important documents such as birth certificates, driver licenses, educational certificates, manuscripts, medical registrations and so on. In fact it is used in any document where authenticity and veracity are essential. Growth in usage Radio Frequency Identification systems are emerging as a practical means of autoidentification in a wide variety of applications from access control to animal tracking. RFID systems are likely to supersede bar codes in some applications and plement bar codes in others. RFID is expected to help in reducing costs of suppl y chain management and inventory management in addition to the many other applications outlined above. Cost savings have been estimated to be as high as 8–10% of inventory associated costs. The widespread adoption of RFID is a foregone conclusion, according to some industry mentators, a major driving force being the adoption of the technology by such influential anizations as the US Department of Defense, WalMart and Tesco. 譯文： RFID簡(jiǎn)介 RFID是一種自動(dòng)識(shí)別 技術(shù) ，是由一些人認(rèn)為成為了歷史上最普遍的計(jì)算技術(shù)的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。 雖然 RFID系統(tǒng)可以產(chǎn)生巨大的生產(chǎn)力，他們還揭露的安全和隱私的個(gè)人和組織新的威脅。這些系統(tǒng)中使用 1位標(biāo)簽存在或檢測(cè)標(biāo)簽的情況下，并在附加價(jià)值高的物品和服裝零售商店使用。在歐洲，也有收 費(fèi)的 RFID應(yīng)用，包括收藏，軌應(yīng)用和訪問(wèn)控制的極大興趣。 ?定位系統(tǒng)。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化系統(tǒng) 這些系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)是固定位置的讀者和用于跟蹤標(biāo)簽的物體運(yùn)動(dòng)。 隨著少于 100毫秒的響應(yīng)時(shí)間， 一臺(tái) RFID閱讀器可以閱讀很多（數(shù)百）標(biāo)簽，幾乎瞬間。 英國(guó)的特易購(gòu)連鎖超 市已經(jīng)開(kāi)始工作，推出了一個(gè) RFID網(wǎng)絡(luò)，跟蹤其中央配送中心發(fā)貨量到 2021年圣誕節(jié)特樂(lè)購(gòu)超市的所有 98。許多其他航空公司測(cè)試 RFID技術(shù)，但三角洲是第一家承諾使用 RFID技術(shù)。 米其林正計(jì)劃將其建成及其類(lèi)型的 RFID 標(biāo)簽。它也可以用來(lái)訪問(wèn) 這些都是當(dāng)前使用的 RFID 標(biāo)簽的一些例子。