【正文】 that is ,those which refer to substance,action and quality,such as nouns,verbs,adjectives,and : a word whose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited,such as nouns,verbs,adjectives,and many : a relatively plex form of pounding,in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word,or by joining the initial parts of the two : a process in which both form and meaning are borrowed with only a slight adaptation,in some cases,to eh phonological system of the new language that they : a process in which part of the form is native and part is borrowed, but the meaning is fully : a process in which the meaning is borrowed,but the form is : is made up form the first letters of the name of an organization,which has a heavily modified : the disappearance of the very sound as a morpheme in the phonological : an abnormal type of wordformation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a long form already in the : the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound,which is more specifically called.‖contact‖or‖contiguous‖: the influence one sound segment upon the articulation of another, so that the sounds bee less alike,or etymology: a change in form of a word or phrase,resulting from an incorrect popular nation of the origin or meaning of the term or from the influence of more familiar terms mistakenly taken to be analogous :parts of speech and function,such as the classification of words in terms of parts of speech,the identification of terms of parts of speech,the identification of functions of words in term of subject,predicate,: also known as agreement,is the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some relation between one item and others in a sequence,or between elements which are all relation: a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure,or between one element present and he others constituent analysis: the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituentsword groups(or phrases),which are in trun analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own,and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are construction: one construction whose distribution is functionally equivalent,or approaching equivalence,to one of its constituents,which serves as the centre,or head, of the an endocentric construction is also known as a headed construction: a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any to any of its structure: the abstract representation of the syntactic properties of a construction, underlying level of structural relations between its different constituents ,such sa the relation between,the underlying subject and its verb,or a verb and its structure: the final stage in the syntactic derivation of a construction,which closely corresponds to the structural organization of a construction people actually produce and : one of the similarities,or of the more general features, in these two government relations,is technically called constituent mand,cmand for and binding theory: it is the fourth period of development Chomsky’s TG Grammar, which consists of Xbar theme: the basis,or the starting point,of the dynamism: the extent to which the sentence element contributes to the development of the function: the speaker’s experience of the real world,including the inner world of his own function: the use of language to establish and maintain social relations: for the expression of social roles,which include the munication roles created by language itself。one of the two things in sociolinguistics,in which we try to understand sociological things of society by examining linguistic phenomena of a speaking linguistics: a branch of linguistics,which studies the relationship between speakers’social starts and phonological : an utterance by which a speaker does something does something,as apposed to a constative,by which makes a statement which may be true or : an utterance by which a speaker expresses a proposition which may be true or act: the act of saying something。what is talk about in an utterance,that part of the speech act which has to do with logic: also predicate calculus,which studies the internal structure of theory: language(sound,word,syntax,etc)change or process by which features of one element change to match those of another that precedes or theory: theory of the perception of spoken words proposed in the saaumes a ―recognition lexicon‖in which each word is represented by a full and independent‖recognistion element‖.When the system receives the beginning of a relevant acoustic signal,all elements matching it are fully acticated,and,as more of the signal is received,the system tries to match it independently with each of them,Wherever it fails the element is deactivated。while,the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow ． Consonant: are sound segments produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert,impede,or pletely shut off the flow of air in the oral ． Phoneme: the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a particular ． Allophone:any of the different forms of a phoneme( an allophone of /t/in /t/occurs in words like step,it is are allophones of the phoneme/t/.27． Vowl:are sound segments produced without such obstruction,so no turbulence of a total stopping of the air can be ． Manner of articulation。and also for getting things done,by means of the interaction between one person and another.. function: the use of language the provide for making links with itself and with features of the situation in which it is meaning: the central part of meaning, which contains logical,cognitive,or denotative : the core sense of a word or a phrade that relates it to phenomena in the real : a term in a contra