【正文】 v o l v e s o n l y ke yp e o p l e t o co o rd i n a t e / i m p l e m e n t p l a n s .Em e r g e n t. W h e n i m p l e m e n t i n gch a n g e i n i t i a t i v e s , i n v o l v e s m a n yp e o p l e t o co o rd i n a t e / i m p l e m e n t p l a n s .I n te g r a te d . C h a n g e e f f o rt s a t t e m p t t ore a ch t h e e n t i re o rg a n i za t i o ns i m u l t a n e o u s l yI n s u l a r . C h a n g e e f f o r t s f o cu s o nd i s cre e t s e g m e n t s o r f u n ct i o n s o f t h eb u s i n e s s .22 C u l t u r a l G a p s 1 2 3 4 5Pr e c e d e n c e . L o o ks t o t h eo rg a n iza t io n ’s ri ch h is t o ry a s a s o u rceo f kn o w l e d g e .I n q u i r y . F o cu s e s o n f u t u rep o ss i b i l i t i e s a n d l e a rn a s t h e y g o .I n te r n a l F o c u s . F o cu s e s m o s t l y o ni m p ro v e m e n t o f i n t e rn a l p ro ce s s e sa n d s t ru ct u re s 。 d e b r i e f e v e n t s t os h a re i n s i g h t s a n d b e s t p ra ct i ce s .I te r a ti o n . Va lu e s a ―t r ia l a n d e rro r‖a p p ro a ch 。 i s v e ry m u ch a w a re o fco m p e t i t o rs a n d cl o s e l y f o l l o w s t h em o v e s t h e y ma keSy s te m a ti c . R e l i e s h e a v i l y o no rg a n i ze d p l a n s f o r o u r w o rk. W o rkp ro ce ss e s a re cl e a rl y d e f i n e d .Sp o n ta n e o u s . R e l i e s o n a b i l i t y t ore s p o n d t o j u s t i n t i m e o p p o rt u n i t i e s 。 g e n e ra l l y i t i sa cce p t a b l e t o a ct i n u n i q u e w a ys .C u l t u ra l S i m i l a ri t i esI n d e p e n d e n c e . Pe o p l e t e n d t o b em o re co mf o r t a b l e w o rki n gi n d i v i d u a l l y .I n te r d e p e n d e n c e . Pe o p l e t e n d t o b em o re co mf o r t a b l e w o rki n gco l l a b o ra t i v e l y.T a r g e te d F o c u s . Pu rs u e s a v i t a l f e wg o a l s 。 h a s m o d e ra t ea w a re n e s s o f o u r co m p e t i t o rs .Ex te r n a l F o c u s . F o cu s e s m o s t l y o np u rs u i t o f n e w m a rke t s a n dcu s t o m e rs 。 s b r a sh a n d b o l d st y l e ca n b e o f f e n si v e t o H P p e o p l eC o m p a q i s n o t w h a t i t se e m sH P i s sl o w t o m o v e a n d i s e n cu m b e r e d b y t o o m u ch p r o ce ssf o cu sH P p e o p l e se e m r e si st a n t t o ch a n g eH P d o e sn 39。 performance metrics unclear or absent, differ across ―silos‖ ? frontend/backend structure exacerbated problems with accountability ? hp is horizontally challenged ? more power moving to the frontend anization ? hp is being more centralized differences ? no mon process for decision making。 midmanagement not involved ? need for planning and execution process ? differences ? strategy is longterm oriented unique mentary ? strategy increasingly unclear as you go down the anization ? strategy has to be translated into something concrete paq on paq similarities ? strategy es through a topdown process ? little/no strategic process differences ? susceptible to frequent changes in direction ? customer focused with a shortterm orientation toward the market。 structure and measurement systems cloud accountability ? strong matrix management leading to fuzzy lines of accountabilities ? performance management inconsistent, generally poor planning and control ? crossanizational collaboration difficult ? country managers are kings ? many things are very centralized differences ? decisions made quickly ? a lot of ―checking in‖ to make a decision, iterative decisions, topdown 14 congruence model output input environment resources history strategy system unit individual work people formal anization informal anization 15 informal anization hp on hp as strength similarities ? strong sense of ethics ? strong customerfocus (make great products) ? team culture, have to be part of the group ? getting results is rewarded, sometimes effort without a result gets rewarded ? having big new ideas is valued ? treat people with dignity ? multiple subcultures differences ? conflict avoidance and overpromise are normal ? titles not referenced, egalitarian unique mentary ? ―silo mentality‖ ? failure deserves a second chance ? diversity and people are valued paq on paq similarities ? ethical behavior is enforced ? strong customer orientation (make what they want) ? teamwork is valued ? highly results/bottomline focused, sometimes effort without a results gets rewarded ? openness to good/new ideas ? don’t publicly embarrass people ? multiple subcultures differences ? conflict addressed directly/openly, aggressive, brash ? titles are referenced, abundant, hierarchical unique mentary ? initiative, flexibility, ―go for it‖ attitude are valued ? relaxed/flex work environment。 h a s m o d e ra t ea w a re n e s s o f o u r co m p e t i t o rs .Ex te r n a l F o c u s . F o cu s e s m o s t l y o np u rs u i t o f n e w m a rke t s a n dcu s t o m e rs 。 g e n e ra l l y i t i s b e t t e rt o a ct a s o t h e rs d o .L e v e r a g i n g D i ffe r e n c e s . Po l i c i e sa n d p ro ce d u re s a re o f t e n t a i l o re d t o f i tt h e ci rcu m s t a n ce s 。 h a s m o d e ra t ea w a re n e s s o f o u r co m p e t i t o rs .Ex te r n a l F o c u s . F o cu s e s m o s t l y o np u rs u i t o f n e w m a rke t s a n dcu s t o m e rs 。 f o rg e s a h e a d w i t h o u tl o o ki n g b a ck .C u l t u r a l S i m i l a r i t i e s W i n n e r F o c u s e d . C o n f l i ct s a rere s o l v e d b y d e b a t