【正文】 y level, in mediumsized and small, and nonpublic enterprises. In 2009 a total of 11 million urban jobs were created。s modernization. China has always paid great attention to human resources development. In the new century, China has made a major decision to rejuvenate the nation through human resources development, aiming to train thousands of millions of highquality workers, hundreds of millions of professionals and a large group of topnotch innovative personnel, and set up a largescale and rationally structured contingent of highcaliber personnel. In 2001 the Chinese government incorporated this strategy into the FiveYear Plan for National Economic and Social Development. Since 2006 it has intensified efforts in the sphere of toplevel design and systematic planning of human resources development. It formulated the Outline of the National Plan for Medium and Longterm Scientific and Technological Development (20062020), Outline of the National Plan for Medium and Longterm Human Resources Development (20102020) and Outline of the National Plan for Medium and Longterm Educational Reform and Development (20102020), focusing on a strategy of prioritizing human resources development in the course of economic and social development. The plans formed the country39。國家大力培養(yǎng)農(nóng)村實用人才隊伍，實施農(nóng)村實用人才素質(zhì)提升計劃和新農(nóng)村實用人才培訓工程，全面提高農(nóng)村實用人才的科技素質(zhì)、職業(yè)技能和經(jīng)營能力，大力培養(yǎng)教師、醫(yī)生、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人員等農(nóng)村發(fā)展急需人才，鼓勵和引導各類人才向農(nóng)村流動。堅持公共教育資源向農(nóng)村地區(qū)、邊遠貧困地區(qū)和民族地區(qū)傾斜，實施國家貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育工程、西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村寄宿制學校建設(shè)工程、農(nóng)村中小學現(xiàn)代遠程教育工程、中西部農(nóng)村初中改造工程、中西部地區(qū)特殊教育建設(shè)規(guī)劃等扶持計劃，努力縮小城鄉(xiāng)和區(qū)域差距，保障困難群體接受教育。D Program, National Natural Science Foundation and other national programs and foundations. It has also built the National Engineering Research Center and the National Engineering Laboratory, implemented the Skills Training Plan of the HundredThousandTen Thousand Project, Changjiang Scholars Program and some other major human resourcesrelated programs. In addition, it has invested more in science and technology and implemented the Project on Upgrading the Knowledge of Technical Professionals. As a result, it has trained a large number of scientific and technical professionals with high qualifications, and attracted highcaliber personnel from overseas. In 2008 the fulltime Ramp。2006年以來，加強對人才資源開發(fā)的頂層設(shè)計和系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃，先后制定《國家中長期科學和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要（2006—2020年）》、《國家中長期人才發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要（2010—2020年）》和《國家中長期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要（2010—2020年）》等三個國家中長期發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要，確立在經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中人才優(yōu)先發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略布局，統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域、產(chǎn)業(yè)、行業(yè)和不同所有制人才資源開發(fā)，促進人人平等享受人才政策和平等參與人才開發(fā)，努力實現(xiàn)各類人才隊伍協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。2009年全年城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)超過1100萬人，%，下崗失業(yè)人員再就業(yè)超過500萬人，困難群體再就業(yè)超過150萬人。建設(shè)城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的人力資源市場，為城鄉(xiāng)勞動者提供平等的就業(yè)機會和服務(wù)。建立由政府部門、工會組織、企業(yè)組織共同協(xié)調(diào)勞動關(guān)系的三方機制，強化調(diào)解、完善仲裁、加強司法救濟，及時妥善處理勞動爭議，維護當事人合法權(quán)益。s Republic of China, have further improved the labor contract system, specified the rights and obligations of employers and employees, the rules for signing, implementing, revising, canceling or terminating labor contracts and corresponding liabilities, and, taking into account the trend toward diversified forms of employment, made provisions about how to regulate labor dispatch services and parttime employment, and other aspects.中國積極發(fā)揮集體協(xié)商和集體合同制度的作用。在機關(guān)與事業(yè)單位工資福利、事業(yè)單位人事管理、人才流動管理、人力資源宏觀調(diào)控等方面，國家制定規(guī)范性文件1000多件，涵蓋了公共人力資源管理的主要環(huán)節(jié)。1993年至今，中國頒布了《中華人民共和國教師法》、《中華人民共和國執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師法》、《中華人民共和國律師法》、《中華人民共和國注冊會計師法》、《中華人民共和國注冊建筑師條例》等法律法規(guī)，對專業(yè)技術(shù)人員的資質(zhì)條件、職業(yè)資格標準、接受繼續(xù)教育權(quán)利以及職業(yè)道德規(guī)范作出明確規(guī)定，規(guī)范了專業(yè)技術(shù)人員的職業(yè)準入，提高了專業(yè)服務(wù)質(zhì)量。s Rights and Interests, Law of the People39。Legal system for promoting employmentTo achieve the goal of expanding and stabilizing employment, China promulgated the Labor Law of the People39。s sustained and rapid socioeconomic development, the ine of urban and rural residents has maintained a stable growth. The average disposable ine of urban residents increased from less than RMB 100 yuan in 1949 to 15,781 yuan in 2008。隨著社會經(jīng)濟持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入實現(xiàn)了穩(wěn)步增長。Optimized employment structure. With China39。Remarkable improvement of education. China gives priority to education in its development strategy, and has established a paratively plete national modern educational system. In 2000 NineYear Compulsory Education was made universal throughout the country, and illiteracy among people between the ages of 20 and 50 was basically eliminated. The number of teenagers attending senior middle school has increased greatly。 the number of employees had reached million, of whom million were urban employees, increases of million and million, respectively, pared with the year 2000.Chart 1 Changes in Labor Force (20002009) (Unit: 10,000 people)s national conditions.一、 中國人力資源的基本狀況I. The Basic Situation of China39。當前，中國就業(yè)形勢保持總體穩(wěn)定，國民受教育程度和健康水平顯著提高，一大批國家建設(shè)急需的各類人才脫穎而出，為推動中國經(jīng)濟社會各項事業(yè)發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用。況中國的人力資源狀況　　　　　目　錄前 言一、中國人力資源的基本狀況二、人力資源開發(fā)的法律體系三、履行政府公共管理服務(wù)職責四、發(fā)揮市場配置的基礎(chǔ)性作用五、加強對勞動者權(quán)益的保護六、積極開展國際交流與合作結(jié)束語中華人民共和國 國務(wù)院新聞辦公室二○一○年九月 北京 China39。s modernization drive and to realize its transformation from a country rich in human resources to one with powerful human resources, is a significant aim the Chinese government has been cherishing and a major undertaking it has been unremittingly advancing新中國成立后特別是20世紀70年代末實行改革開放以來，中國政府堅持以人為本的理念，積極貫徹“尊重勞動、尊重知識、尊重人才、尊重創(chuàng)造”的方針，制定了一系列解決就業(yè)問題和發(fā)展教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生、社會保障事業(yè)的政策措施，努力為實現(xiàn)人的全面發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好的環(huán)境和條件。In accordance with the requirements of the socialist market economy system, and to promote sustainable development and social harmony, the Chinese government pays attention to the fundamental function of the market in deploying human resources, while vigorously promoting institutional reforms in the fields of economy, science, technology and education, constantly deepening the reform of the cadre related system, and pursuing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and that of strengthening the nation with trained personnel, and a proactive employment policy. It has also established and improved the human resources development mechanism to train, attract, use and support talented people, and accelerated human resources legal construction, thereby opening up a human resource