【正文】 況中國的人力資源狀況　　　　　目　錄前 言一、中國人力資源的基本狀況二、人力資源開發(fā)的法律體系三、履行政府公共管理服務職責四、發(fā)揮市場配置的基礎性作用五、加強對勞動者權益的保護六、積極開展國際交流與合作結束語中華人民共和國 國務院新聞辦公室二○一○年九月 北京 China39。s Human ResourcesContentsForewordI. The Basic Situation of China39。s Human ResourcesII. Legal System for Human Resources DevelopmentIII. The Government Shoulders Human Resources Public Management and Public Service ResponsibilityIV. Bringing into Play the Fundamental Role of Market AllocationV. Strengthening the Protection of the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers Developing International Exchanges and CooperationconclusionInformation Office of the State Councilof the People39。s Republic of China,2010前 言中國是世界上人口最多的發(fā)展中國家，13億人口中蘊涵著極其豐富的人力資源。積極開發(fā)人力資源，充分發(fā)揮每個人的潛能和價值，促進人的全面發(fā)展，為國家現(xiàn)代化建設提供強大的人力和智力支撐，實現(xiàn)由人力資源大國向人力資源強國的轉變，是中國政府始終面臨的重大課題和不懈推進的重大事業(yè)。ForewordChina is a developing country with the largest population in the world. Its billion people are a vast reservoir of human resources. Actively developing human resources, bringing into full play the potential ability and value of each individual and promoting the people39。s allround development so as to provide powerful labor and intellectual support for China39。s modernization drive and to realize its transformation from a country rich in human resources to one with powerful human resources, is a significant aim the Chinese government has been cherishing and a major undertaking it has been unremittingly advancing新中國成立后特別是20世紀70年代末實行改革開放以來，中國政府堅持以人為本的理念，積極貫徹“尊重勞動、尊重知識、尊重人才、尊重創(chuàng)造”的方針，制定了一系列解決就業(yè)問題和發(fā)展教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生、社會保障事業(yè)的政策措施，努力為實現(xiàn)人的全面發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好的環(huán)境和條件。當前，中國就業(yè)形勢保持總體穩(wěn)定，國民受教育程度和健康水平顯著提高，一大批國家建設急需的各類人才脫穎而出，為推動中國經(jīng)濟社會各項事業(yè)發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用。Since the founding of New China in 1949, and especially since the reform and openingup policies were introduced in the late 1970s, the Chinese government, upholding the idea of putting people first, has actively implemented the principle of respecting labor, knowledge, talent and creativity, and has adopted a series of policies and measures to boost employment and develop education, science and technology, culture, public health and social security, striving to create a favorable environment and conditions for the people39。s allround development. Currently, China39。s employment situation is stable on the whole。 the people39。s education and health levels have been remarkably improved。 and a galaxy of talented people in various fields urgently needed by national construction has appeared. They are playing an important role in promoting the development of all economic and social undertakings.按照建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的要求，為推動科學發(fā)展，促進社會和諧，中國政府注重發(fā)揮市場配置人力資源的基礎性作用，大力推進經(jīng)濟、科技、教育等體制改革，不斷深化干部人事制度改革，實施科教興國戰(zhàn)略、人才強國戰(zhàn)略和積極的就業(yè)政策，建立和完善人力資源培養(yǎng)、吸引、使用和保障機制，加快人力資源法制建設，走出了一條適合中國國情的人力資源開發(fā)道路。In accordance with the requirements of the socialist market economy system, and to promote sustainable development and social harmony, the Chinese government pays attention to the fundamental function of the market in deploying human resources, while vigorously promoting institutional reforms in the fields of economy, science, technology and education, constantly deepening the reform of the cadre related system, and pursuing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and that of strengthening the nation with trained personnel, and a proactive employment policy. It has also established and improved the human resources development mechanism to train, attract, use and support talented people, and accelerated human resources legal construction, thereby opening up a human resources development path conforming to China39。s national conditions.一、 中國人力資源的基本狀況I. The Basic Situation of China39。s Human Resources人口眾多、勞動力資源豐富是中國的基本國情。多年來，中國政府采取積極有效的政策措施，大力加強人力資源的開發(fā)利用，使中國的人力資源狀況發(fā)生了顯著變化。人力資源規(guī)模不斷擴大。截至2009年底，中國總人口達到133474萬人（不含香港、澳門特別行政區(qū)和臺灣?。?，其中，勞動力資源106969萬人，比2000年增加11267萬人；就業(yè)人員77995萬人，其中，城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)人員31120萬人，分別比2000年增加5910萬人和7969萬人。I. The Basic Situation of China39。s Human ResourcesA large population and rich human resources constitute the basic national situation of China. For years, the Chinese government has pursued proactive and effective policies and measures to enhance the development and utilization of human resources, bringing about remarkable changes in this field.Human resources growing in scale. By the end of 2009 China39。s total population had reached billion (excluding that of the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan Province), which contains a labor force of billion persons, million more than in 2000。 the number of employees had reached million, of whom million were urban employees, increases of million and million, respectively, pared with the year 2000.Chart 1 Changes in Labor Force (20002009) (Unit: 10,000 people)Chart 2 Changes in the Number of Employees in Urban and Rural Areas (20002009) (Unit: 10,000 people)國民受教育水平明顯提高。中國實行教育優(yōu)先的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，建成了比較完善的現(xiàn)代國民教育體系。2000年實現(xiàn)了基本普及九年制義務教育和基本掃除青壯年文盲的目標。高中階段教育普及率大幅提升，職業(yè)教育得到重點加強，高等教育進入大眾化階段。2009年，；。教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展，使就業(yè)人員的受教育水平顯著提高。截至2009年底，；，%；。Remarkable improvement of education. China gives priority to education in its development strategy, and has established a paratively plete national modern educational system. In 2000 NineYear Compulsory Education was made universal throughout the country, and illiteracy among people between the ages of 20 and 50 was basically eliminated. The number of teenagers attending senior middle school has increased greatly。 vocational education has been especially enhanced。 and higher education is being more popular. In 2009 the total number of senior middle school students in China amounted to million。 students at various secondary vocational schools numbered million。 undergraduates studying at all sorts of universities and colleges numbered million and postgraduate students million. The development of national education has remarkably raised employees39。 educational level. By the end of 2009, the av