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6sigma項目運作實例(存儲版)

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【正文】 的有效性R檢驗過程中,檢驗員前后一致的比例定性數(shù)據(jù)定性(合格/不合格)數(shù)據(jù),可用來做記錄和分析定性型測量系統(tǒng)把每個部件與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行比較,從而決定部件是否符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的測量系統(tǒng)。3. 在箭頭上下寫上傳統(tǒng)因素類型名稱*或你懷疑是的類型名稱。文件記錄/確認(rèn):文件記錄的工藝流程首先繪制記錄下來的工藝加入并標(biāo)明隱形工廠步驟當(dāng)所有步驟展示出來后,流程圖就屬于實際工藝確認(rèn)流程圖的準(zhǔn)確性至關(guān)重要項目組必須花時間觀察工藝秘密進(jìn)行。??b4最少的資金總額b2第一年節(jié)省 $175Kb項目的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(評估)a循環(huán)時間1確定主要商業(yè)問題:5,描述項目的主線。2在哪里和什么時間發(fā)現(xiàn)的?6你是如何得知這些的? 《6 Sigma項目運作實例》《定義階段》如何繪制宏觀圖如何繪制宏觀圖? 繪制宏觀圖的順序:供應(yīng)商輸入工序輸出客戶《6 Sigma項目運作實例》《定義階段》項目的目標(biāo)陳述要點 項目的目標(biāo)陳述要點: 1,目標(biāo)陳述2,計算方法3,全年節(jié)省額確定Team Members成員:1,小組成員要包括技術(shù)人員2,包括維修人員(如果需要)3,包括操作者4,小組人員不超過5人(特殊情況除外)。應(yīng)使用最新的控制文件標(biāo)明所有隱形工廠步驟的輸入輸出指標(biāo):對各種詳細(xì)列出的因子再列出其輸入變量。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值由一個高準(zhǔn)確度量具所測的平均值生產(chǎn)者偏差員工傾向于把不合格(有缺陷的)產(chǎn)品判為合格篩選用檢驗方法對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行100%的評估篩選有效性定性量具系統(tǒng)區(qū)別合格與不合格的能力檢查員分?jǐn)?shù)如果大多數(shù)員工都是100%,則培訓(xùn)作用極為有限篩選有效分?jǐn)?shù)如果員工本身前后一致但是相互間不一致,則重新培訓(xùn)可幫助減少錯誤。第二步:采集數(shù)據(jù)合理編組應(yīng)采集數(shù)據(jù)獲得“短期”性能,如可能,“長期”性能通過固定時間區(qū)間采集一系列快照型數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)按合理編組采集快照數(shù)據(jù)什么是合理編組?從流程連續(xù)不斷產(chǎn)生的零件或產(chǎn)品中合理取樣以期捕獲最小工藝偏差的方法組內(nèi)偏差反映一般偏差平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(用一種均方差方法平均)是對工藝應(yīng)有能力的良好估計第二步:采樣例子例子:技師在暴露周期從控溫探針讀數(shù)中選取五個數(shù)據(jù),并從連續(xù)七個殺菌運轉(zhuǎn)周期采集數(shù)據(jù),第三步:確定短期偏差多數(shù)現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)居于長期和短期之間為了估計真實短期數(shù)據(jù):小心設(shè)計工藝能力研究方法確保編組策略合理某些工藝無法研究短期數(shù)據(jù)如低產(chǎn)量和長循環(huán)周期工藝采樣昂貴或難以取樣的工藝第三步:短期還是長期?一個指導(dǎo)思想:如果允許80%的輸入指標(biāo)在其自然范圍內(nèi)浮動,數(shù)據(jù)就是長期的 短期及長期:組內(nèi)及組間平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差與總標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差對各組方差取平均值可得到組內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的平均值總標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差由所有數(shù)據(jù)算出,不計編組平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差不計組間偏差,而總標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差計入組間偏差平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差是對組內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的最佳估計長期和短期指導(dǎo)思想短期數(shù)據(jù)在有限的周期或間隔采集數(shù)據(jù)在有限的機(jī)器和員工中采集差不多總是連續(xù)變量長期數(shù)據(jù)在很多的周期,間隔,機(jī)器和員工中采集可以是離散或連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)離散數(shù)據(jù)幾乎都是長期性的第四步: 計算ZU和ZL:Z分?jǐn)?shù)提供統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)以便用共同語言交流提供一個與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上下限相關(guān)的工藝性能指標(biāo)第四步: 計算CP例子工藝平均值為325標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為15標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上限為380,下限為270CP是多少?若平均值為 355而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差不變CP又是多少? Cp與工藝應(yīng)有能力Cp是工藝應(yīng)有能力的良好指標(biāo)工藝應(yīng)有能力一個工藝觀察到的最好的短期性能機(jī)會工藝長期性能與工藝應(yīng)有能力間的差距Sigma項目致力與把長期性能與工藝應(yīng)有能力的差距縮短定量測量系統(tǒng)研究:定性型量具 Ramp。量具研究偏差并不一定代表真實的工藝偏差當(dāng)量具樣本中的偏差代表真實工藝偏差時,P/TV等于P/SV定量型量具 Ramp。R研究選項輸入該工藝公差和偏差,如果你想要Minitab幫你計算P/T 和 P/TV的話。 knowledge For the future: FMEA helps evaluate the risk of process changes FMEA identifies areas for other studies –multivari, ANOVA, DOE6s Process FMEA Terminology FMEA: A systematic analysis of a process used to identify potentialfailures and to prevent their occurrence Potential Failure mode: The manner in which the process couldpotentially fail to meet the process requirements. Potential Failure Effect: The results of the failure mode on thecustomer. Severity: An assessment of the seriousness of a failure mode.Severity applies to the effects only. Cause: How the failure could occur, described in terms of somethingthat can be corrected or controlled. Occurrence: The likelihood that a specific failure mode is projectedto occur. Detection: The effectiveness of current process controls to identifythe failure mode (or the failure effect) prior to occurring, prior torelease to production, or prior to shipment to the customer. RPN Risk Priority Number: The product of Severity, Occurrenceamp。 CorrelationIntroduction Used for quantitative variables (X’s and Y’s) For review: What is the focus of Six Sigma?Q. What does this equation represent?A. A mathematical model of a process Purpose of Regression: to predict Y from a setting of x Examples: Distance = f(acceleration, initial velocity, time) Product yield = f(concentrations of reactants) Hardness = f(alloy, anneal temperature)) ( x f Y =Remember, the focus of Six Sigma is todetermine the defining equation of theprocess. It is to identify the important inputvariables, determine the relationship to theoutputs, determine the optimum values of thecritical inputs and then control the inputs atthe optimum settings.To do this, the Black Belt must know therelationship between the inputs and theoutputs. This module discusses linearmodeling techniques for identifying therelationship between continuous variableinputs and continuous variable outputs.A Simple Linear ModelLinear equations require continuous inputand output variables. One other assumption isthat the independent variable (input) is knownand fixed and that all of the variation is in thedependent variable (output). This is notusually the case, but often the inputs aresettings on dials or gauges or software thatseems fixed and invariable. Many times thevariation in the output is a function of theinability of the input controller to hold theinput at the same value. Collecting Data (y amp。regression (an analysis of the effect ofcontinuous X’s on continuous Y’s), analysisof variance (ANOVA) and the General LinearModel (GLM), both numerical analyses ofvariance data.Multivari analyses will help identify thevariation sources with the purpose of reducingor eliminating them.A MultiVari Plan1. Clearly state the objective2. List the X’s and Y’s to be studied3. Ensure measurement system capability4. Describe the sampling plan5. Describe the data collection amp。 ponents early in designstage Process – Focuses on process flow, sequence, equipment, tooling,gauges, inputs, outputs, set points, etcWho? When?  Who constructs the FMEA? The Black Belt is the team leader. The process owner inherits the finished FMEA. Use the process mapping, Camp。R Minitab 實例:一個黑帶想對冶金工藝使用的溫度表進(jìn)行量具研究,他嚴(yán)格按前面一頁的方法進(jìn)行實驗,并將數(shù)據(jù)輸進(jìn)了Ramp。測量系統(tǒng)的測量方法P/TV:精確度與總偏差之比代表量具偏差占據(jù)總偏差的部分此部分通常用百分率來表示最好情形10% 量具可接受條件30%測量系統(tǒng)的指標(biāo)分辨指數(shù) :分辨指數(shù)是測量系統(tǒng)從工藝數(shù)據(jù)中可辨認(rèn)的不同讀數(shù)的數(shù)量分辨指數(shù)是一個分辨率指標(biāo)分辨指數(shù)是重復(fù)性和復(fù)制性的函數(shù)最好情形:4 ,可接受的:34P/T 和 P/TV 的用處:P/T (% 公差)最常用于測量系統(tǒng)的精確度評估將量具的精確度與公差要求進(jìn)行對比如果量具用來對生產(chǎn)樣品進(jìn)行分類 P/T 還可以P/SV(%Ramp。其中一個關(guān)鍵參數(shù)是控制“暴露”階段的溫度。R 的方法:準(zhǔn)備從工藝中挑選30個部件,50%合格,50%次品可能的話,挑選近乎于合格和不合格樣本挑選檢查人員受過完全培訓(xùn)的和有資格的實施要求每一個檢查人員隨機(jī)地檢查部件,決定合格與不合格并重復(fù)此檢查評估將結(jié)果載入文件如果必要,采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┱{(diào)整測量工藝重做Ramp。R 術(shù)語:檢驗員分?jǐn)?shù)(%)在定性型Ramp。構(gòu)造魚骨圖的方法:1. 陳述問題,并置于右邊的方框內(nèi)2. 朝方框畫一水平箭頭。工藝流程圖程序:繪制工藝記載的工藝步驟包括所有檢查點,測量指標(biāo)和傳運步驟
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