【正文】 如何進行問題陳述？分六個方面進行問題陳述：工藝流程圖程序:繪制工藝記載的工藝步驟包括所有檢查點，測量指標和傳運步驟確認所有數(shù)據(jù)采集點標示各工序標準控制文件各步驟標明為增值性（VA）或非增值性（NVA）確認各工藝步驟的 X 和 Y標明可能消除的NVA 步驟加入并標明“隱形工廠”工段標明為VA或NVA，標明可能消除的步驟標明須指定控制文件的步驟加入DUP，RTY，COPQ，循環(huán)周期等估計值標明須進行量具和工藝能力研究的步驟通過直接或秘密觀察確認準確性R 術語:檢驗員分數(shù)（%）在定性型Ramp。其中一個關鍵參數(shù)是控制“暴露”階段的溫度。R Minitab 實例:一個黑帶想對冶金工藝使用的溫度表進行量具研究，他嚴格按前面一頁的方法進行實驗，并將數(shù)據(jù)輸進了Ramp。regression (an analysis of the effect ofcontinuous X’s on continuous Y’s), analysisof variance (ANOVA) and the General LinearModel (GLM), both numerical analyses ofvariance data.Multivari analyses will help identify thevariation sources with the purpose of reducingor eliminating them.A MultiVari Plan1. Clearly state the objective2. List the X’s and Y’s to be studied3. Ensure measurement system capability4. Describe the sampling plan5. Describe the data collection amp。 knowledge
For the future:
FMEA helps evaluate the risk of process changes
FMEA identifies areas for other studies –multivari, ANOVA, DOE6s Process FMEA Terminology
FMEA: A systematic analysis of a process used to identify potentialfailures and to prevent their occurrence
Potential Failure mode: The manner in which the process couldpotentially fail to meet the process requirements.
Potential Failure Effect: The results of the failure mode on thecustomer. Severity: An assessment of the seriousness of a failure mode.Severity applies to the effects only.
Cause: How the failure could occur, described in terms of somethingthat can be corrected or controlled.
Occurrence: The likelihood that a specific failure mode is projectedto occur. Detection: The effectiveness of current process controls to identifythe failure mode (or the failure effect) prior to occurring, prior torelease to production, or prior to shipment to the customer.
RPN Risk Priority Number: The product of Severity, Occurrenceamp。量具研究偏差并不一定代表真實的工藝偏差當量具樣本中的偏差代表真實工藝偏差時，P/TV等于P/SV定量型量具 Ramp。檢查員分數(shù)如果大多數(shù)員工都是100%，則培訓作用極為有限篩選有效分數(shù)如果員工本身前后一致但是相互間不一致，則重新培訓可幫助減少錯誤。：對各種詳細列出的因子再列出其輸入變量。6你是如何得知這些的？ 《6 Sigma項目運作實例》《定義階段》如何繪制宏觀圖如何繪制宏觀圖? 繪制宏觀圖的順序：供應商輸入工序輸出客戶《6 Sigma項目運作實例》《定義階段》項目的目標陳述要點 項目的目標陳述要點: 1,目標陳述2，計算方法3，全年節(jié)省額確定Team Members成員:1，小組成員要包括技術人員2，包括維修人員（如果需要）3，包括操作者4，小組人員不超過5人(特殊情況除外)。5，描述項目的主線。a循環(huán)時間b2第一年節(jié)省 $175K？文件記錄/確認:文件記錄的工藝流程首先繪制記錄下來的工藝加入并標明隱形工廠步驟當所有步驟展示出來后，流程圖就屬于實際工藝確認流程圖的準確性至關重要項目組必須花時間觀察工藝秘密進行。R檢驗過程中，檢驗員前后一致的比例定性數(shù)據(jù)定性（合格/不合格）數(shù)據(jù)，可用來做記錄和分析定性型測量系統(tǒng)把每個部件與標準進行比較，從而決定部件是否符合標準的測量系統(tǒng)。設備室溫度和在最小飽和蒸汽濃度的周期時間決定殺菌程度在整個設備室維持前后一致的溫度范圍很重要。 中。 storage plan (who, what, when, etc.)6. Describe the procedure and settings used to run the process7. Assemble and train the team. Define responsibilities8. Collect the data9. Analyze the data10. Verify the results11. Draw conclusions. Report results. Make remendationsInjection Molding Example1. Clearly state the objective Determine the process capability of the injection molding process Determine the major sources of noise variation2. List the X’s and Y’s to be studied Output: Thickness Inputs: Cavity (slot), cycle, sample3. Ensure measurement system capability An MSA was conducted and the system was found capable4. Describe the sampling plan One sample from each slot, five consecutive runs, four times aday for five days.5. Describe the data collection amp。E matrix
Before or after the control plan, depending on the maturityof the processWhy?Warm up exercise:
You have 60 seconds to document: What would you want to know about a “defect”?
For the process:
FMEA improves the reliability of the process
An FMEA identifies problems before they occur
FMEA serves as a record of improvement amp。R）6 Sigma 首選測量量具與工藝偏差相比其性能如何使用時應小心。R 結論:，集思廣益并列出所有可能引起問題發(fā)生的因子。？4，繪制宏觀圖。a1宏觀圖a目標1問題是什么？觀察導致行為改變確認實際工藝設置與記錄的設置相同跨班跨機器觀察工藝如何繪制工藝流程細圖:工藝流程細圖：6 Sigma 工藝流程圖要素：工藝或產(chǎn)品是輸出指標Y和輸入指標X標準上下限和標準控制文件所用設備/工具繪制工藝流程細圖工藝流程細圖必須依工藝流程圖而畫。消費者偏見員工傾向把合格產(chǎn)品判為廢品有效篩選分數(shù)（%）在定性型Ramp。第一步：確認標準這一階段常被忽視。運用Minitab分析數(shù)據(jù)并評估量具能力StatQuality ToolsGage Ramp。 storage plan (who, what, when, where,etc.) The supervisor collected the data and entered it in a worksheet6. Describe the procedure and settings used to run the process Standard, constant process settings.7. Assemble and train the team. Define responsibilities. For a small project, the supervisor did all the work8. Collect the data. The data are in Minitab worksheet 9. Analyze the data Analysis is on the following slides the Camp。量具研究偏差并不一定代表真實的工藝偏差P/TV（%Ramp。定性型量具 Ramp。用 直線連到箭頭線上。5問題的嚴重程度是什么？b質(zhì)量/缺陷水平a3魚骨圖？更改其一應在另一個中反映出來。R檢驗過程中，所有員工本身前后一致且相互之間也一致的比例。我們?nèi)绾卧O定標準？設計部門設計藍圖設計部門如何得到各項要求？工藝部門標準由工藝以前能夠做到的或開始使用時的能力定這想法有錯嗎？客戶我們總是對客戶說可以嗎？對上例而言：設備室目標溫度是1250C177。R Study(Crossed)...Minitab 量具Ramp。 中心限理論:Central Limit TheoremQ: Why Are So Many Distributions Normal? Why is something thisplicated somon?Science has shown us that variables thatvary randomly are distributed normally. Soa normal distribution is actually a randomdistribution.Another reason why some distributionsare normally distributed is becausemeasurements are actually averages overtime of many submeasurements. Thesingle measurement that we think we aremaking is actually the average (or sum) ofmany measurements. The Central LimitTheorem, discussed in the following slides,provides an explanation of why averages ofnonnormal data appear normal.Dice Demonstration (Integer Distribution)
What does a probability distributionfrom a single die look like?
What is the