supplychainintegration供應(yīng)鏈整合(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 ost TradeOff (直接配送成本權(quán)衡 ) C os t Tr a de O f f f or B uy P C . c om$0$2$4$6$8$10$12$14$16$18$200 5 10 15Nu m b e r o f DC 39。 sCost ($ million)T o t a l Co stI n ve n t o r yT r a n sp o r t a t i o nF i x e d Co stIndustry Benchmarks: Number of Distribution Centers (工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) : 配送中心的個(gè)數(shù) ) 35 Sources: CLM 1999, Herbert W. Davis amp。 CDs (書(shū)籍音像制品 ) II Furniture (家具 ) I Computer (PC) Selecting the Best SC Strategy1 (選擇最好的供應(yīng)鏈戰(zhàn)略 ) ? Higher demand uncertainty suggests pull (需求不確定性越大選擇拉式策略 ) ? Higher importance of economies of scale suggests push (規(guī)模效應(yīng)越重要選擇推式策略 ) ? High uncertainty/ EOS not important (Box I) such as the puter industry implies pull (需求不確定性大 /規(guī)模效應(yīng)不重要選擇拉式策略 ) ? Low uncertainty/ EOS important (Box III) such as groceries implies push (需求不確定性小 /規(guī)模效應(yīng)重要選擇推式策略 ) ? Demand is stable (需求穩(wěn)定 ) ? Transportation cost reduction is critical (運(yùn)輸成本減少很關(guān)鍵 ) ? Pull would not be appropriate here. (不適合拉式策略 ) 14 Selecting the Best SC Strategy2 (選擇最好的供應(yīng)鏈戰(zhàn)略 ) ? Low uncertainty but low value of economies of scale (Box IV)(high volume books and cd’s) (需求不確定性小以及低規(guī)模效應(yīng) ) ? Either push strategies or push/pull strategies might be most appropriate (推式策略或者推拉式策略 ) ? High uncertainty and high value of economies of scale (Box II) (需求不確定性大以及高規(guī)模效應(yīng) ) ? For example, the furniture industry (家具行業(yè) ) ? How can production be pull but delivery push? (生產(chǎn)過(guò)程采用拉式策略而配送過(guò)程采用推式策略 ) ? Is this a “pullpush” system? (是否存在推拉式系統(tǒng) ?) 15 PushPull Strategy ― Case Study (推拉式策略案例研究 ) ?Coca cola ?真功夫 ?McDonald’s… ?Sport Obermeyer () ? Lowrisk products ? Highrisk products 16 Characteristics and Skills (策略特征與所需技巧 ) 17 Raw Material (原材料 ) Customers (顧客 ) Pull Push ?Low Uncertainty (不確定性小 ) ?Long Lead Times (提前期長(zhǎng) ) ?Cost Minimization (成本最小化 ) ?Resource Allocation (最優(yōu)的資源利用率 ) ?High Uncertainty (不確定性大 ) ?Short Cycle Times (提前期短 ) ?Service Level (服務(wù)優(yōu)先 ) ?Responsiveness (敏捷優(yōu)先 ) Locating the PushPull Boundary1 (定位推拉邊界 ) ? The push section (推式部分 ): ? Uncertainty is relatively low (不確定性相對(duì)小 ) ? Economies of scale important (規(guī)模效應(yīng)重要 ) ? Long lead times (提前期長(zhǎng) ) ? Complex supply chain structures (供應(yīng)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜 ) ? Thus ? Management based on forecasts is appropriate (基于預(yù)測(cè)進(jìn)行管理 ) ? Focus is on cost minimization (關(guān)注成本最小化 ) ? Achieved by effective resource utilization – supply chain optimization (通過(guò)有效的資源利用達(dá)到 ) 18 Locating the PushPull Boundary2 (定位推拉邊界 ) ? The pull section (拉式部分 ): ? High uncertainty (不確定性大 ) ? Simple supply chain structure (供應(yīng)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單 ) ? Short lead times (提前期短 ) ? Thus ? Reacting to realized demand is important (應(yīng)對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的需求很重要 ) ? Focus on service level (關(guān)注服務(wù)水平 ) ? Flexible and responsive approaches (靈活與敏捷的方法 ) 19 Locating the PushPull Boundary3 (定位推拉邊界 ) ? The push section requires (推式部分需要 ): ? Supply chain planning (供應(yīng)鏈計(jì)劃 ) ? Long term strategies (長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略 ) ? The pull section requires (拉式部分需要 ): ? Order fulfillment processes (訂單實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程 ) ? Customer relationship management (顧客關(guān)系管理 ) ? Buffer inventory at the boundaries (推拉邊界的緩沖庫(kù)存 ): ? The output of the tactical planning process (戰(zhàn)術(shù)計(jì)劃過(guò)程的輸出 ) ? The input to the order fulfillment process (訂單實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程的輸入 ) 20 Locating the PushPull Boundary4 (定位推拉邊界 ) 21 DemandDriven Strategies (需求驅(qū)動(dòng)的策略 ) ? Demand Information Needs to be Integrated into the Supply Chain Planning Program and It includes (需求信息需要整合到供應(yīng)鏈計(jì)劃中，具體包括 ): ? Demand Forecast (需求預(yù)測(cè) ): Use History Information to Predict Future Requirements ? Demand Shaping (需求調(diào)節(jié) ): Promotion, Discount, Rebate, Product Phase in and Phase out. (促銷(xiāo)、價(jià)格折扣、回扣、新產(chǎn)品導(dǎo)入以及老產(chǎn)品導(dǎo)出 ) 22 Impact of the Inter – Expectations Were High (互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的影響非常之大 ) ?Ebusiness strategies were supposed to (電子商務(wù)策略原本的目的是 ): ? Reduce cost (減少成本 ) ? Increase service level (提高顧客服務(wù)水平 ) ? Increase flexibility (增加靈活性 ) ? Increase profit (增加利潤(rùn) ) 23 Reality is … downfall (事實(shí)則沒(méi)有那么樂(lè)觀 ) ? Example (亞馬遜例子 ) ? Founded in 1995。 Co。 forecasts (訂貨決策
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