【正文】 y gave it the title Sinfonia Eroica, although the title page also says it was written “to celebrate the memory of a great man”. There could be a very straightforward reason for the change of title. In 1803 Beethoven was thinking of visiting Paris or even moving there permanently, and he might have thought it wise to dedicate it to Napoleon. But he changed his mind about Paris, and meanwhile war between Austria and France was imminent, and the censors were clamping down on any signs of sympathy with the French. Beethoven might well have felt that to keep “Bonaparte” as a title or dedication would be frowned on in Vienna, and so removed the title, although on 26 August 1804 he was writing to Breitkopf and H?rtel, the publishers, that “the title of the symphony is really Bonaparte”. According to Baron de Trmont, a French official in Vienna during the French occupation of 1809, Beethoven continued to admire Napoleon as one who had risen from humble origins. The symphony had a mixed reception, and many people felt it was far too long. Although Beethoven refused to make any changes, when it was published in 1805 he added a note that because of its great length it should be played near the beginning of a convert before the audience got too tired. (2887 words) TOP 課文二 貝多芬　安妮有趣的是，貝多芬沒有在日記中提到父親的去世，但他給漢諾威選侯去信說， 自己仍然需要資助兩個弟弟上學(xué)；結(jié)果選侯把他的薪水增加了一倍，這些按季付的薪水一直延續(xù)到1794年，他的兩個弟弟卡爾、約翰也分別于1794年、1795年年底先后跟隨他來到了維也納。當(dāng)貝多芬搬來時，他還是個少年。尚克暗中幫助貝多芬進(jìn)行練習(xí)，甚至到了讓貝多芬把修改的錯誤自己抄寫出來的地 步，這樣海頓就不會意識到所發(fā)生的事情。選侯意識到這一情況，冷冷地答道，“我十分懷疑，他目前是否真的在作曲方面取得了重大進(jìn)步，而且我擔(dān)心，他會象第一次去維也納那樣，除了債務(wù)外什么也不會帶回來。 兩人的關(guān)系在以后幾年里處于緊張狀態(tài)。1793年他要海頓親自給選侯寫信，海頓指出貝多芬欠了債，不得不向他借錢，并且要選侯增加貝多芬的薪水；他附上5首曲子，并報告說 ，他的學(xué)生自從來到維也納后取得了很大的進(jìn)步，他預(yù)言貝多芬將成為歐洲最偉大的作曲家之一。海頓“爸爸”當(dāng)時沉浸在巨大成功的喜悅之中，顯然很少顧及自己的弟子。里奇洛烏斯基有自己的弦樂四重奏樂隊，由伊格納茲他年齡還不到22歲，急于向海頓學(xué)習(xí)作曲。s death at the Battle of Aboukir Bay. To Beethoven, as to so many, Napoleon Bonaparte had seemed to embody the ideals of the French Revolution and “enlightened” leadership, and in many homes throughout Europe portraits of Napoleon replaced even pictures of Christ. But as Napoleon39。s Cathedral, and the most famous teacher of counterpoint in Vienna. It is also likely that he later had lessons in Italian song writing from Salieri. But Beethoven was far more famous at this point as a virtuoso pianist than as a poser and as early as 1793 word was buzzing round Vienna that such playing had not been heard since Mozart. The virtuoso Joseph Gelinek plained that “he is no man。s salary earlier in the year and was sending him an additional 500 florins a year to cover his living expenses, Beethoven still felt short of money, and he got Haydn to write to the Elector on his behalf in November 1793. Haydn pointed out that Beethoven was in debt, and had had to borrow money from him, and asked the Elector to increase Beethoven39?！№槺闾嵋幌?，妻子們老是埋怨丈夫不注意她們的新衣服、新帽子以及房間布置中的變化。我根據(jù)觸摸臉龐的感覺來辨認(rèn)朋友，但是我的確不能靠觸摸來描繪出他們的個性。她在我年幼的時候就來到我身邊，替我打開了外部世界。你也會想讓你的目光長久地停留在那些對你已變得親切的東西上，這樣你就可以把對它們的記憶帶進(jìn)那悄然而來的漫漫長夜中去。教授應(yīng)盡力向?qū)W生演示，如何做到真正看見那些從他們面前不知不覺溜掉的東西，從而為自己的生活增添快樂。 我的心時時在呼喊，渴望能見到所有這一切。春天里，我滿懷希望地觸摸樹枝，尋找一個幼芽大自然經(jīng)過冬日沉睡重又蘇醒的最初征兆。要不是我對類似的反應(yīng)已習(xí)以為常的話，我是會覺得難以置信的。 我常常想，如果每個人在剛成年時某個時候能失明或失聰幾天，這或許將是件喜事。只有聾者才知道聽覺的重要，只有盲人才理解視覺給人帶來的各種恩賜。 然而，我們中間大多數(shù)人則把生命視為理所當(dāng)然。當(dāng)然，有些人會奉行享樂主義“吃喝玩樂”的信條，但是大多數(shù)人則會因死亡就在眼前而使心靈得到凈化。凱勒自幼就又盲又聾，在老師的幫助下成為一名成功的講師、作家及教育家。s sleep. I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions。 silence would teach him the joys of sound. Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed. “Nothing in particular,” she replied. I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little. How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough shaggy bark of a pine. In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter39。 海倫　我們會親切地、朝氣蓬勃地、感受強(qiáng)烈地來度過每一天，而這一切卻往往在日復(fù)一日延續(xù)的時光與歲月之中消失。 我們在使用感覺功能時，恐怕也持同樣的冷漠態(tài)度?！皼]什么特別的東西，”她答道。我用手愛撫著光滑的白燁樹皮，或是粗糙的松樹皮。 如果我是大學(xué)校長，我就要開設(shè)一門必修課，“如何使用你們的眼睛”。 我當(dāng)然最愿意看的，是那些在我整個失明歲月里對我已變得親切的東西。梅絲夫人的臉。我能探察到歡笑、憂傷和許多其他明顯的感情?！∽鳛樵囼灒以蛞恍┙Y(jié)婚多年的丈夫詢問過他們妻子眼睛的顏色，但他們常常表現(xiàn)出尷尬困惑，承認(rèn)不知道。某一事件可能被幾個目擊者從幾個不同角度“看到”；有些人比別人看得多些，但幾乎沒有人看到他們視野之內(nèi)的一切。s former teacher in Bonn, Haydn had asked Beethoven to acpany him on his second concert tour to London, planned for 1794, but before then an embarrassing episode soured their relationship. Although the Elector of Cologne had doubled Beethoven39。s absence he had lessons with Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Kapellmeister at St. Stephan39。s expedition to Egypt in 1789, and the second movement, a funeral march, was inspired by the rumours of Nelson39。 貝多芬于1792年11月10日抵達(dá)維也納。里奇洛烏斯基成了主要的資助人，貝多芬經(jīng)常在他的禮拜五上午室內(nèi)音樂會上演奏。 貝多芬立即師從海頓，課程一直延續(xù)到1793年，但他似乎發(fā)現(xiàn)這些課程令人失望。盡管科隆的選侯在年初就把他的薪水增加了一倍，而且每年還另外送給他500弗羅林作為生活費(fèi)用，貝多芬仍然覺得手頭過緊?！奔热慌c海頓在一起什么曲子也沒作，選侯建議貝多芬回到波恩。在維也納的頭幾年，海頓要貝多芬在任何發(fā)表作品的頭頁標(biāo)上“海頓弟子”，但貝多芬拒絕了。貝多芬的幾部作品是在那兒首先演奏的，后來貝多芬將鋼琴奏鳴曲作品第13號《悲愴》獻(xiàn)給了里奇洛烏斯基。　平羅特s bearing was very quiet, and noble. No doubt this was the style of playing taught him by Neefe, who trained him in clavichord technique, and Beethoven himself stressed the position of the fingers in his teaching. Beethoven played in the palaces and town houses of the Viennese aristocracy, and his improvisation at the piano was renowned. His first public appearance as pianist and poser was on 29 March 1795 at the Burgtheater (the Imperial court theatre), at the first of the two annual benefit concerts for the widows and orphans of the musicians of Vienna. He performed his Piano Concerto no. 1 in C major, and the story goes that he finished the Rondo only two days before th