【正文】
on/off campus7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one39。s作為一個爵士布魯斯樂杰出歌手的名聲建立在能夠賦予歌曲感情深度的能力。20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.。26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.,美國畫家和雕塑家開始在世界范圍內(nèi)對藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生重大影響。34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.。39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.,該線把大西洋流域和太平洋流域區(qū)分開來。45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.,憑此他們可以在受驚時一躍而起,飛離它們的躲藏地。54. The use of wellchosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.,可以檢驗語言學(xué)科里許多基本的假定。62. The application of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and puter storage have multiplied the uses of the modern 無效writer.。70. Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.,但其昭世功力卻是恒古不變的。78. As a result of what is now know in physics and chemistry, scientists have been able to make important discoveries in biology and medicine.。他在那里正式任職長達(dá)整整一代人的時間。89. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has bee increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen is collections.,藝術(shù)博物館在考慮購買和接受捐贈的藝術(shù)品是越來越慎重,有些情況下放棄其進(jìn)一步改善收藏的機會。95. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.:年輕人的前面有輝煌的未來,老年人燦爛的未來卻已在它們身后。 94. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.,他們在探險中遇到了極具威脅性的困難和危險,而他們的裝備會讓一個現(xiàn)代登山者想一想都會渾身顫栗。87. Three years of research at an abandoned coal mine in Argonne, Illinois, have resulted in findings that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites that scar the coalrich regions of the United States.,科學(xué)家們相信這些成果可以幫助改造把美國產(chǎn)煤區(qū)弄得傷痕累累的數(shù)千個舊煤場。83. Even more shocking is the fact that the number and rate of imprisonment have more than doubled over the past twenty years, and recidivismthat is the rate for rearrestis more than 60 percent.,以及累犯率——即再次拘押的比例——為百分之六十強。76. The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home.,以便取食物并獲得造窩的材料。68. The science of horticulture, in which the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes inFORMation derived from other sciences.。60. Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied.,棕櫚樹得到的研究最少。51. Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of inFORMation on a single map.。44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams39。s的影響巨大,所以一些權(quán)威部門認(rèn)定她為美國女權(quán)運動的創(chuàng)始人。32. That xenon could not FORM chemical pounds was once believed by scientists.:氙氣是不能形成化合物的。s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.,所以他們的密度在固態(tài)時高于液態(tài)。18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and deposes animal debris.,而腐化過程將化學(xué)物質(zhì)回饋于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解動物糞便。12. Billie Holiday39。5. In group to remain in existence, a profitmaking organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.,最終都必須生產(chǎn)出消費者可用或需要的產(chǎn)品。1982年美國經(jīng)濟開始復(fù)蘇,轉(zhuǎn)入低速增長。美國出兵伊拉克。1972年5月,尼克松訪蘇,簽署了限制戰(zhàn)略武器條約。在黑人民權(quán)運動的推動下,國會于1964年6月通過民權(quán)法。1969年7月20日,美國宇宙飛船“阿波羅—11”號登月艙在月球著陸。內(nèi)政方面,杜魯門提出“公平施政”綱領(lǐng),但收效甚微。5月,德國宣布無條件投降。8月英美聯(lián)軍在北非登陸。羅斯福于1941年3月簽署《租借法》,向與德意日作戰(zhàn)的國家提供物資。私人壟斷資本大為發(fā)展。1918年11月,威爾遜簽署對德停戰(zhàn)協(xié)定。在日俄戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后,美日雙方經(jīng)過談判,于1908年簽訂了羅脫—高平協(xié)定。19世紀(jì)后半葉,科學(xué)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域有重要發(fā)明和突破,其中首推電力的應(yīng)用;1876年A.G:貝爾發(fā)明電話機,1886年T.A.愛迪生制造了電燈,1892年杜里雅兄弟試制成功汽車,1903年萊特兄弟試制飛機航行成功。18671877年,南部進(jìn)行民主重建,各州成立了黑人和白人聯(lián)合執(zhí)政的政權(quán),制訂了民主的進(jìn)步法令,14名黑人當(dāng)選為眾議員,兩名黑人當(dāng)選為參議員。1865年4月9日,南部同盟軍總司令R.E.李將軍投降。1859年J.布朗領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的反奴隸制的武裝起義被鎮(zhèn)壓。1840年,主張廢奴運動的“自由黨”成立。以后民主共和黨分裂,政治力量重新組合。在西部新開辟的地區(qū),是推廣自由勞動制還是奴隸制,南部和北部的代言人爭執(zhí)不休,成為全國政治斗爭的主題。此后,陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)其它工廠。隨后美國取得勝利。1801年,民主共和黨T.杰斐遜出任總統(tǒng)。1789年聯(lián)邦政府成立。印花稅條例 (Stamp Act) 抵制 (The Boycott)新英格蘭地區(qū)殖民地 (New England Colonies) 波士頓傾茶事件 (The Boston Tea Party) 無代表權(quán)不得征稅 (No taxation without Representation) 大陸會議 (Continental Congress) 獨立戰(zhàn)爭 (War of lndependence) 獨立宣言 (Declaration of Independence) 獨立的民族主權(quán)國家的建成(17811814)在戰(zhàn)爭過程中,大陸會議制訂了邦聯(lián)條例,17811787年13州組成了邦聯(lián)國會,宣布成立美利堅共和國。1774年9月5日,除佐治亞外的各殖民地代表在費城召開了第1屆大陸會議,通過了和英國斷絕一切貿(mào)易關(guān)系的決議,繼而通過“關(guān)于殖民地權(quán)利和怨恨的宣言”,向英王呈遞請愿書。移民中有逃避戰(zhàn)禍和宗教迫害者,有自愿和非自愿的“契約奴”以及乞丐、罪犯;還有從非洲被販運來的黑人。 4) 圣海倫斯火山(Mount St. Helens)5) 密西西比河(the Mississippi River)6) 大鹽湖(the Great Salt Lakes)7) 阿拉斯加(Alaska)8) 洛基山脈(Rocky MT)2. 生物學(xué)要點:種屬,舉例及特點1) 北美大陸特有的動植物(如禿鷲,紅杉等)2) 某種生物的特點及應(yīng)用(原產(chǎn)于美國的品種或引進(jìn)到美國的變種) 海嘯:P226/610)3) 海岸線侵蝕, 河流泥沙沉積等問題4) 防災(zāi)措施及預(yù)警5. 氣象學(xué)(最新熱點)要點:起因、結(jié)果和危害分析1) 風(fēng)、雨、云等自然現(xiàn)象的形成和分類 2) 影響美國的主要天氣現(xiàn)象(龍卷風(fēng),颶風(fēng)等)及其預(yù)報6. 各個學(xué)科最重要的概念要點:解釋概念、生動舉例和觀點評述如光合作用,能量守恒,板塊構(gòu)造,厄爾尼諾,溫室效應(yīng),適者生存,通貨膨脹(近期少考) 要點:主要談興起原因和主要特點1) 年代不是很近的日常生活類發(fā)明2) 多為美國人的發(fā)明/發(fā)現(xiàn)3) 段落開頭談因何興起,段落中間談主要特點,段落結(jié)尾談被誰替代 8. 新技術(shù)和新產(chǎn)品1) 主題 topic 2) 最大優(yōu)點 advantage 11. 考古學(xué)/人類學(xué)要點:由考古發(fā)現(xiàn)引出重要科學(xué)結(jié)論,并介紹權(quán)威性北美土著居民歷史/生活習(xí)慣的考察研究(印第安人) (內(nèi)地?zé)狳c)要點:發(fā)展過程中重大事件及重要代表人物談某藝術(shù)分支在美國的發(fā)展歷史(舞蹈/攝影/雕刻/音樂/民間藝術(shù))新托福聽力必備知識背景 簡明美國歷史及重要事件英文表達(dá)英屬北美殖民地的建立(16071733) 北美洲原始居民為印第安人。從1619年弗吉尼亞建立議會起,各殖民地相繼成立議會,與英國相抗衡,1765年9個殖民地舉行抗議印花稅大會,掀起反抗怒潮。次年7月大陸會議通過獨立宣言,宣布13個殖民地脫離