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英美文學(xué)史中文版(存儲(chǔ)版)

  

【正文】 Bunyan 1. life: ( 1) puritan age。 ( 7) Retired, son—Ham。 b. native or popular drama. ( 3) the University Wits. 2. Christopher Marlowe: greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted of the Wits. ( 1) Life: first interested in classical poetry—then in drama. ( 2) Major works a. Tamburlaine。 c. courtier. ( 2) works a. Arcadia: pastoral romance。 b. the rise of towns. c. the change of Church. d. the role of women. e. the Hundred Years39。 j. legal system. 2. The Overview of the culture ( 1) The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit. ( 2) Literature: a. poetry: two types。 A Concise History of British Literature Chapter 1 English Literature of AngloSaxon Period 1. The historical background ( 1) Before the Germanic invasion ( 2) During the Germanic invasion a. immigration。他也讓澤爾妲過(guò)上她想過(guò)的奢華生活,但是他們的婚后生活很快出現(xiàn)裂痕,有傳言是菲茨杰拉德限制了澤爾妲文學(xué)才華的發(fā)揮(其實(shí)澤爾妲也是一個(gè)才女,菲茨杰拉德很多作品不是以她為原型,就是有她的主意),但也和他們放蕩的生活作風(fēng)有著緊密的聯(lián)系 。 4 艾茲拉 ?龐德是一個(gè)極度迷戀中國(guó) 文化 的詩(shī)人,他曾將孔子的《論語(yǔ)》 翻譯 成 英文 ,不過(guò)錯(cuò)誤百出,甚至牛頭不對(duì)馬嘴。他的文筆細(xì)膩婉轉(zhuǎn),就像樹(shù)上的藤一樣繞啊繞啊直到把讀者繞暈,這樣的特點(diǎn)既使他的作品特別耐看,又使他成為像海明威那樣作家攻擊的對(duì)象。在愛(ài)妻死后沒(méi)有幾年,坡就因?yàn)檫^(guò)度酗酒倒在陰溝里, 不治身亡,他至死都背負(fù)著變態(tài)作家的罵名,但是正如他自己所說(shuō) “我用一百年來(lái)等待讀者 ”的那樣,坡已經(jīng)成為了美國(guó)最優(yōu)秀的作家之一。她的詩(shī)短小精悍,也不受押韻的限制,同樣也和當(dāng)時(shí)的主流相悖。一行詩(shī)拉得老長(zhǎng),讓人能讀斷氣,不知所云。他的嘔心之作《白鯨》卻讓大眾感覺(jué)悶頭一棒,因?yàn)閷?duì)于當(dāng)時(shí)的讀者來(lái)說(shuō),《白鯨》太不像本小說(shuō)了,它無(wú)序,凌亂,有太 多和主題無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容。但是到了霍桑一代早已沒(méi)落。就憑這一點(diǎn),庫(kù)珀的名字就能永遠(yuǎn)鐫刻在美國(guó)的 文學(xué)史 中。庫(kù)伯的妻子喜歡看英國(guó)小說(shuō),手不釋卷,某一天庫(kù)伯也好奇的瞟了一眼,之后就對(duì)妻子說(shuō)她把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在這些垃圾上,因?yàn)檫B他都能寫(xiě)出這些書(shū)來(lái)。雖然歐文不是美 國(guó)第一個(gè)寫(xiě)作的作家,但在他之前的美國(guó)詩(shī)人或小說(shuō)家都得不到歐洲的承認(rèn),那個(gè)時(shí)候,歐洲人的認(rèn)可對(duì)于美國(guó)人就相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在的 ISO 認(rèn)證一樣,歐洲人的眼里,美洲大陸除了出暴亂的暴徒外,就是野蠻的紅皮人,他們會(huì)說(shuō) “什么,美國(guó)人也會(huì)寫(xiě)東西! ”但是歐文的出現(xiàn)改變了這種情況,也標(biāo)志著美國(guó)文學(xué)的崛起,既有諷刺意味的是,在不到兩百年的時(shí)間內(nèi),美國(guó)的文學(xué)和美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì) 軍事 一樣,超越了歐洲,在世界范圍內(nèi)占著舉足輕重的地位。當(dāng)時(shí)很多本土作家都喜歡這么干,這也表現(xiàn)出美國(guó)人對(duì)自己 文化 的不自信,不過(guò)他的第二部作品《間諜》就將目光放在結(jié)束不久的獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)上。因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為他交 的稅變成美國(guó)侵略墨西哥和印第安人的軍費(fèi)。而在他的幾乎所有的作品中,都會(huì)涉及對(duì)這份往事的回憶,比如《紅字》中瘋癲的總督妹妹,而《七角樓》根本就是他因果觀的再現(xiàn)。連他死后,報(bào)紙也就給了一個(gè)中縫的位置給他寫(xiě)了個(gè)訃告。順便說(shuō)一句,《死亡詩(shī)社》中 的《船長(zhǎng),我的船長(zhǎng)》就是他的作品,也是他為數(shù)不多的押韻詩(shī),但是比他的很多典型的惠特曼詩(shī)要流傳的更廣,看來(lái)對(duì)于一般人來(lái)說(shuō),押韻詩(shī)瑯瑯上口,更容易記住。因?yàn)樗f(shuō)過(guò),再?zèng)]有比一個(gè)美人的死更美麗的事了。詹姆斯是富人的孩子也當(dāng)家的典型,他出身于紐約的上層知識(shí)分子家庭,父親老亨利 有這等生活閱歷的人一旦有當(dāng)作家的念頭,想不 成名都難。當(dāng)艾 略特的詩(shī)歌《荒原》第一稿出來(lái)時(shí),還是一篇冗長(zhǎng)的詩(shī)歌,后來(lái)他將詩(shī)歌獻(xiàn)給龐德讓其修改,龐德的潤(rùn)色使得詩(shī)歌退去了那些啰唆部分,結(jié)果讓艾略特大喜過(guò)望。夫婦兩也就成了美國(guó)文化史上最令人唏噓感慨的一對(duì)。 eoldermen ( lord) – thane middle class ( freemen) lower class ( slave or bondmen: theow) 。 ( 4) The 12th century. A. the centralized government。 B. The General Prologue。s friend ―Areopagus‖ – Ireland Westminster Abbey. ( 2) works a. The Shepherds Calendar: the budding of English poetry in Renaissance. b. Amoretti and Epithalamion: son sequence c. Faerie Queene: l The general end——A romantic and allegorical epic—steps to virtue. l 12 books and 12 virtues: Holiness, temperance, justice and courtesy. l Twolevel function: part of the story and part of allegory ( symbolic meaning) l Many allusions to classical writers. l Themes: puritanism, nationalism, humanism and Renaissance Neoclassicism—a Christian humanist. ( 3) Spenserian Stanza. Prose 1. Thomas More ( 1) Life: ―Renaissance man‖, scholar, statesman, theorist, prose writer, diplomat, patron of arts a. learned Greek at Canterbury College, Oxford。 ( 2) Grammar School。 The Rape of Lucrece. ( 2) Sons: a. theme: fair, true, kind. b. two major parts: a handsome young man of noble birth。 ( 4) Baptist society, preacher。 . ( 4) weakness: lack of imagination. 2. Addison and Steele ( 1) Richard Steele: poet, playwright, essayist, publisher of newspaper. ( 2) Joseph Addison: studies at Oxford, secretary of state, created a literary periodical ―Spectator‖ ( with Steele, 1711) ( 3) Spectator Club. ( 4) The significance of their essays. a. Their writings in ―The Tatler‖, and ―The Spectator‖ provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie. b. They give a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century. c. In their hands, the English essay pletely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story telling, they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel. 3. Samuel Johnson—poet, critic, essayist, lexicographer, editor. ( 1) Life: at Oxford。 ( 5) the Dean of St. Patrick39。 writing career. ( 2) works. ( 3) Tom Jones. plot。 f. the most lovable character in English literature. B. The Vicar of Wakefield. 。 singer and taleteller, a life of vagabondage。 condemnation of war. Part III. Satire—ridiculous scientific experiment. Part IV. Satire—mankind. Novels of Realistic tradition. 1. The Rise of novels. ( 1) Early forms: folk tale – fables – myths – epic – poetry – romances – fabliaux – novelle imaginative nature of their material. ( imaginative narrative) ( 2) The rise of the novel novel in Spain and England ( 16th century) : Of or relating to a genre of prose fiction that originated in Spain and depicts in realistic detail the adventures of a roguish hero, often with satiric or humorous effects. : Arcadia. c. Addison and Steele: The Spectator. ( plot and characterization and realism) ( 3) novel and drama ( 17the century) 2. Daniel Defoe—novelist, poet, pamphleteer, publisher, merchant, journalist.) ( 1) Life: career。 preface. ( 3) The champion of neoclassical ideas. of Satire: Jonathan Swift. : ( 1) born in Ireland。 himself by reading and translating。Allegre and IL Pens eroso ( 1632) are his early masterpieces, in which we find Milton a true offspring of the Renaissance, a scholar of exquisite taste and rare culture. Next came Comus, a masque. The greatest of early creations was Lycidas, a pastoral elegy on the death of a college mate, Edward King. ( 2) The second period is from 1641 to 1654, when the Puritan was in such plete ascendancy that he wrote
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