【正文】 often choose to stay in their fort zones。s television show is written to include characters that are ba sed on alreadypopular toys. Professor OK, so I’ve actually got a few different examples of this. You know when I was kid, a character named Action Hero was really popular with my friends and me. We would always watch the Action Hero program on television every week, and played games, pretending that we were strong and powerful as he was. Then pretty soon we began seeing this small Action Hero figures in all the stores. And well we all just had to have them. I mean we’d been watching the television show for so long that it seemed only natural to want to own the toys too. Well I finally grew up and left the Action Hero television program and toys behind. But now I have a sevenyearold daughter who watches television a lot and also likes to play with her toys. And lately her favorite toy is a cute little baby doll with a big round face and lots of curly hair named Rosa. All my daughters’ friends have Rosa dolls too. And they enjoy going to each other’s houses to play with them. Then a few weeks ago, my daughter came running up to me all excited because she had just heard there was going to be a new television program on every week with the doll Rosa as the main character. So naturally she and all her friends have begun watching the show. And it’s already very popular, as popular as the toy doll. TPO11 Outsider Art Outsider Art is a term used to describe art that is made by people who choose to live and work outside society. Then artists who produce this kind of artOutsider Artistswork in isolation from other artists and have little or no formal artistic training. Because they do not learn conventional artistic teachers or other artists, Outsider Artists must invent their own ways of doing things. As a result of the unconventional methods that Outsider Artists often use, their work can look strange and not at all like traditional art to the observer. Professor All right, so let’s consider the work of the outsider artist Henry Darger. Darger lived by himself in a tiny apartment in Chicago in the 1900s. He had no friends and spent all his spare time there alone creating hundreds of paintings and drawings. He had never formally studied and kept his work pletely private so no one ever saw it or responded to it during his lifetime. And so when you see Darger’s work, you notice how unique it is. It doesn’t remind you of anything you’ve ever seen before. It’s very much his own. For example, one piece it’s a water color painting. In this piece he illustrates a story about the adventures of seven children. But see, Darger had a really hard time drawing human figures, yet he managed to e up with his own rather unique solution for the problem. He simply cut out pictures of children from newspapers and magazines and pasted them into his own painted illustration of trees, flowers and grass. The results look... um a little strange. Darger’s picture looks more cluttered, more crowded with details than the pictures of other artists because its entire surface’s painted and there are no spaces left empty. It’s also a lot longer than the pictures of most other artists, about nine feet long. TPO12 Subliminal Perception Humans are constantly perceiving visual and auditory stimuli. Sometimes our perception of these stimuli occurs consciously: we are aware of a stimulus and know that we are perceiving it. But our perception of a stimulus can also occur without our awareness: an image might appear and disappear before our eyes too quickly for us to notice that we saw it, or a sound might be too faint for us to realize that we heard it. This phenomenonthe perception of a stimulus just below the threshold of conscious awarenessis called subliminal perception. Experiments have shown that subliminally perceived stimuli can influence people39。s view. When approached by a predator, the animal suddenly reveals the area of bright color。. The billboard had an effect even though the drivers don39。Pig39。t remember s eeing any. They have no conscious memory of the 39。s a billboard on the highway advertising a ... car, called the 39。what did you eat last night?39。 work is affected by their knowledge that they are visible to others, that the presence of others tends to alter the way people behave or perform an activity. Professor OK, so we said that the way we interact with others has an impact on our behavior. In fact, there’s some interesting research to suggest that in one type of interaction when we’re being observed specifically, when we know we’re being watched as we perform some activity we tend to increase the speed at which we perform that activity. In one study, college students were asked to each put on a pair of shoesshoes with laces they would have to tie. Now one group of students was told that they would be observed. The second group, however, didn’t know they were being observed. The students who were aware that they were being watched actually tied their shoes much faster than the students who thought they were alone. Other studies confirm the same is true even when we’re learning new activities. Let’s say someone is learning a new task for example, learning how to type. When they’re conscious of being observed, they’ll likely begin typing at a much faster rate than they would if they were alone. But, and this is interesting, the study also showed that certain mon behavior things people typically do, like...making mistakes when you’re learning something new that behavior pattern will also increase. So in other words, when we’re learning to type, and we know we’re being watched, we’ll type faster but we’ll also make more mistakes. TPO3 So let me tell you about my own experience with this when I was working for a puter pan