【正文】 ithin thisbox. This was much smaller of course than the usual ,it also allowed Loutherbourg to concentrate the lighting to , the audience was in thedark, which wouldn39。renot talland being low in the ground protect them from the cold and wind. And their rootsdon39。sbeen increase in nutrient production in the that39。sa circle, a loop. And because of this loop, which is promoted by warmertemperaturesin winterand spring, well, it looks like the tundra may be turning into shrub land. 全國免費(fèi)咨詢電話： 4000123267 Female student: But willit be long term?I mean maybe the shrubs will be abundant for a few years, and then it39。s been recalled. You can keepit all semester as long as no one else requestsit. But,someone else has. It looks like one of the professors in the sociology departmentrequested you have to bring it back, even though you39。sour policy. S: Oh, I didn39。s known as theEmptyQuarter.The EmptyQuarter is a huge area of sand that coversabout a quarter ofthe Arabian Peninsula. Today it39。ve been impossible for all the waterto soak into theground. Second, as you know, sand dunes contain other typesof particles, besides sand, including clay and silt. Now,when the rain fell, waterran down the sides of thedunes, carrying clay and silt particles with whereverthese particles settled, theyformed a pan, a layer that water couldn39。re not sure thereis a problem with the water. Maybe it wastoo salty. That39。s able to bark. It barks without having to learn how from otherdogs, it just barks. But much of human language has to be learned from other humans. What else makeshuman language unique? What makesit different from animal munication? Debber? D:How about grammar? Like having verbs, nouns, adjectives? 全國免費(fèi)咨詢電話： 4000123267 L: OK, that39。s message is built from smaller parts, like say for example, our prairie 全國免費(fèi)咨詢電話： 4000123267 dogs spot a predator,a big coyoteapproaching rapidly. So theprairie dog makesa callthat means coyote,then one that meanslarge,and then another one to indicate its speed. Butyou really suppose it makes any difference what order these calls ein? the discreteunits that make up language can be put togetherin different ways. Those smaller partscan be used to form an infinite number of messages, including messages that are pletelynovel, that have never been expressed example, we can differentiate between: A large coyote movesfast. and say Movethe large coyote fast.or Movefast, large coyote.,and Itruly doubt whether anyone has everuttered eitherof these sentences language is productive and openended munication system, whereas no other munication system has this another featureof language that39。re type ofrodent who burrowsin the ground and the grasslands ofthe west United Statesand Mexico. And in this study,the researchers looked at the highpitched barks a prairie dog makes when it spots from this theymade some pretty.., well,theymade some claims about these calls qualifying as an actuallanguage, with its own primitive grammar. Butactually, these warning calls are no different from those found among certain types of monkeys. Well, let39。sdance movements, to theword and sentencesfound in human languages. All these signals conveymeaning. And all munication systems serve a purpose, a pragmatic function of some of danger perhaps or offering other needed information. Butthere39。d expectto find fossils from a variety of animals, and numerous fossils have been found at least at theseparticular 全國免費(fèi)咨詢電話： 4000123267 sites. But,where did these animals e from? Well, thetheorythat has been suggested is that theymigrated in from nearby habitats wheretheywere already living. Then as thelakes dried up, theydied study makesa couple of interesting points about the fossils, which I hope will be looked at in future studies. At older lake sites, their fossil remains from hippopotamuses,waterbuffalo, animals that spend much of their lives standing in water,and also, fossils ,at the sitesof themore recent lakes, there’re only cattlefossils, additional evidencefor geologists that these lakeswere probably smaller, shallower,because cattle only use water for drinking. So theysurvive on much less. Interestingly, thereare clams and snail shells。s past. Keepin mind though that this studyonly looked at 19 formations. And about a thousand have been there39。t want to waste anytime getting it back. S: Thanks a lot. Now I don39。re working on right now? And by the timeyou need the rest ofthe book, maybe it will have been returned. We can even do the photocopy for you because of thecircumstances. S: Oh, well, that would be great. L: Isee you39。m writing my senior thesis, I39。s caught by shrubs. And deep snow drifts often form around shrubs. And we39。retwo reasons for this: first, theylive in the active layer,which, remember,containswater that doesn39。snot m