【正文】 for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been on B. had begun C. has been on D. would began ★將來(lái)完成時(shí) (will have done) by 例5：We’re late I expect the film_C____ by the time we get to the cinema. A. had already started B. have already C. will already have started D. have already been started. ★現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) (have been doing) 例6：It seems oil _____D______ from this pipe for some time. We39。如：A cat is able to see in the dark. （貓?jiān)诤诎抵心芸匆姈|西?？晌挥诰涫?、句中或句末。 I was surprised at his ing at all．他竟然來(lái)了，我很驚訝。如：I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. （昨天我收到了一個(gè)請(qǐng)柬，但并沒有接受邀請(qǐng)。它的反義詞是inexact。如：We require more help. （我們需要更多的幫助。） profit 多指報(bào)償或報(bào)償性的收入。1ago, before ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”，常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，不可以單獨(dú)使用。 其二是to作為介詞，之后跟表示“計(jì)劃／條件／建議等一類的名詞或代詞”。1almost, nearly 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“開始”、“完成” （目標(biāo)）等。如：He alone (Only he) can remember the story. （只有他才能記起這段經(jīng)歷。although用法較正式，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)；though較常用；as則主要用于倒裝句。例如： Child as／though he is, he can speak two foreign languages． 雖然他是個(gè)孩子，但他會(huì)說(shuō)兩門外語(yǔ)。如：Our house is hidden among trees. between在兩者之間。2approve, prove approve（1）贊成，同意。 Black smoke rose from the He is too weak to raise that heavy box. Accidents usually arise from carelessness . A crisis has arisen in their marriage. 危機(jī) Matt’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.2as (so) far as。 even though（＝even if），意為“即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。例如： He assured me that it was true. We can’t ensure you a good post. My house is insured against fire． 2at the beginning；in the beginning at the beginning 在……初；在……開始的時(shí)候。 at a time at the time通常用于過(guò)去時(shí)句子中，指某件事情發(fā)生的“當(dāng)時(shí)”、“那時(shí)”。 at a time則意為“一次”，表示一個(gè)時(shí)間單位。 waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞，常指“吵醒”，“驚醒”。because引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示產(chǎn)生那種結(jié)果的必然的因果關(guān)系，在回答why的提問時(shí)，必須用because作答。（推測(cè)性理由） 3beat, win beat表在比賽和戰(zhàn)斗中打敗對(duì)手，后接對(duì)手作賓語(yǔ)。 All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong． 除了吳東看過(guò)那部影片外，他們也都看過(guò)了。 We’re sure you’ll be wellknown as an artist．我們相信你會(huì)成為一位著名的畫家。 3borrow, lend borrow借入。） opportunity主要指能夠去做某事，尤其是達(dá)到自己目的，實(shí)現(xiàn)某種愿望的好機(jī)會(huì)。如：You’d better give all the old clothing away.4pare…with。如： Living here can’t pare with living in Shanghai．在這兒生活不能和在上海（生活）相比。如：The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.（聯(lián)合王國(guó)是由大不列顛及北愛爾蘭組　　成。如：His action is always consistent with his words.constant不斷的，表示持續(xù)和慣常的重現(xiàn)，往往沒有變化。可以形成spend…on sth./in doing sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The medicine will cure of your disease.（這藥能治好你的病。如：He has the bad habit of biting his nails.（他有咬手指的壞習(xí)慣。 What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries． 他們的言行損害了這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間的關(guān)系。s hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi39。 5dependent, independent dependent依賴的，依靠的（on, upon）。翻譯成“猜想…是真的”比較恰當(dāng)。） 5economic, economical 學(xué)說(shuō)、教義、教條economic經(jīng)濟(jì)（學(xué)）的。如：This morning exercise has bee my everyday every day每天（作狀語(yǔ)）。） tolerate容忍，容許，指自我克制的態(tài)度，對(duì)于令人反感的事沒有任何抗議。如：There is a fault in this machine.（這臺(tái)機(jī)器有一處毛病。如：The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.（來(lái)訪者贊賞他所有的繪畫，特別是他女兒的畫像。如：Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher.6gaze, stare, glance, glimpse 都與“看”有關(guān)。如：His pictures were hung in the museum.70、hard, hardly 別緊張 hard努力地。 6hanged, hung hang, hanged, hanged吊死。 it’s too big. Her blue coat suits her fair skin. 6formally, formerly formally正式地。如：I love Italy, especially in summer.（我喜歡意大利，尤其在夏天。 mistake指判斷或理解方面，或指因考慮不周而造成的錯(cuò)誤，搭配是make a mistake。） stand忍受，與bear同義，但較口語(yǔ)化。 Emergency意為“緊急情況”，“突然事件”。 efficient“效率高的”，“有能力的”，用以指人或物，著重有效地利用時(shí)間、精力并取得預(yù)期效果。而suspect意為懷疑或認(rèn)為某件事是真的。 I39。如： The big fire destroyed the whole house． 這場(chǎng)大火把整座房子都燒毀了。如： The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt． 汽車在事故中損壞不嚴(yán)重，但卻有五個(gè)人受了重傷。 custom為正式用詞，多指社團(tuán)或人們的習(xí)慣行為方式。如：The plane crashed shortly after the takeoff.（飛機(jī)起飛不久就墜毀了。主語(yǔ)通常是一件事，也可以跟雙賓語(yǔ)。如：It was considerate of you not to trouble us.（你真體貼人，不打擾我們。如：Twelve men pose a jury.（十二人組成陪審團(tuán)。 pare既可以單獨(dú)用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face. 4cloth, clothing cloth布。 The ball went over the fence and one of the players asked a boy to fetch it. The city’s underground carries more people than the buses. You had better take an umbrella with you in case of rain. Waiter, bring me a bottle of beer please. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth reason用來(lái)解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late4chance, opportunity, occasion chance多指偶然的機(jī)會(huì)，意外的機(jī)會(huì)，帶有僥幸的意味。如： He is known to all in our village．村子里的人都了解他。 3be known as； be known for； be known to； be known in be known as 意為“作為……而著名”，其后的名詞表示一個(gè)人的身份、職業(yè)等。用于肯定句中時(shí)，except／but意為“除……外（不再有）”；besides意為“除……外（還有）”。 for引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句末，其前用逗號(hào)，它所敘述的理由是間接的，即推測(cè)性理由，或是對(duì)前面敘述的事實(shí)或看法的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。 3because／since／as／for 這四個(gè)詞都是表示原因或理由的連接詞，但是as，because，since是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，for是并列連詞，所引導(dǎo)的不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，而是表示理由的對(duì)等句子，是對(duì)前面所講內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明。 awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用于比喻。例如： In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan．At that time (＝At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was being very crowded． at one time＝during a period of time in the past意為“過(guò)去有一段時(shí)期”，“曾經(jīng)”。 at that time。 ensure的意思是“保證”，后面可以接雙賓語(yǔ)，也可以接that從句。如： He spoke as though（as if）he had been here before．他說(shuō)話的口氣好像他以前來(lái)過(guò)這里。 rise是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“上升”，該詞是不及物動(dòng)詞：rise, rose, risen raise是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“舉起”。如：He quickly responded to the question. （他很快就回答了問題。例如： I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes． 盡管你穿著便衣，我相信你是在值勤。例如： Young as／though he is, he knows a lot． 他雖然年紀(jì)不大，卻懂得很多。 though。如：When she is left alone, she feels lonely. （剩下她一人時(shí)她就感到寂寞。 living可用于人或物，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可前可后。 agree to有兩層含義和用法： 其一是to作為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，其后跟動(dòng)詞原形，作“同意（答應(yīng)）做某事”解。 afford一般只用于抽象事物。1advantage, benefit, profit advantage 常指一種使某人處于比其他人相對(duì)有利的地位，機(jī)會(huì)或時(shí)機(jī)。如：acquire knowledge （獲得知識(shí)） inquire打聽，詢問。） correct“正確的”，指符合一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)則，含有“無(wú)錯(cuò)誤的”意味。如：The passengers are boarding the plane n