【正文】
( regional sovereignty) ( 6)聯(lián)合主權(quán) ( joint sovereignty) 國家主權(quán) 個人主權(quán) 29. In signing the Charter of the United Nations, States not only benefit from the privileges of sovereignty but also accept its responsibilities. Whatever perceptions may have prevailed when the Westphalian system first gave rise to the notion of State sovereignty, today it clearly carries with it the obligation of a State to protect the welfare of its own peoples and meet its obligations to the wider international munity. But history teaches us all too clearly that it cannot be assumed that every State will always be able, or willing, to meet its responsibilities to protect its own people and avoid harming its neighbours. And in those circumstances, the principles of collective security mean that some portion of those responsibilities should be taken up by the international munity, acting in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, to help build the necessary capacity or supply the necessary protection, as the case may be. 36. 國家和國際社會在保護(hù)平民免受戰(zhàn)爭和侵犯人權(quán)影響方面負(fù)有責(zé)任 ,而這一概念尚需真正克服主權(quán)不可侵犯和干預(yù)權(quán)力這兩種主張之間相互沖突而造成的緊張。 —— A more secure world: Our shared responsibility 主權(quán)平等尤其包括下列要素: ( a ) 各國法律地位平等; ( b ) 每一國均享有充分主權(quán)之固有權(quán)利; ( c ) 每一國均有義務(wù)尊重其他國家之人格; ( d ) 國家之領(lǐng)土完整及政治獨立不得侵犯; ( e ) 每一國均有權(quán)利自由選擇并發(fā)展其政治 、社會 、 經(jīng)濟及文化制度; ( f ) 每一國均有責(zé)任充分并一秉誠意履行其國際義務(wù) , 并與其他國家和平相處 。 以上所述不得解釋為妨礙有關(guān)各方對此等界線在其特殊制度下之地位及影響所持之立場 , 或解釋為影響此等界線之暫時性質(zhì) 。 —— 1970年關(guān)于各國依聯(lián)合國憲章建立友好關(guān)系及合作之國際法原則之宣言 第一條 侵略是指一個國家使用武力侵犯另一個國家的主權(quán) , 領(lǐng)土完整或政治獨立 , 或以本《 定義 》 所宣示的與聯(lián)合國憲章不符的任何其他方式使用武力 。 ( 1)根據(jù)權(quán)利的干涉 ( 2)