【正文】 based Medicine 小結(jié)（借用）： Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Sources to search Summary points (1) Cochrane review authors should seek advice from their Trials Search Coordinator on sources to search. CENTRAL is considered to be the best single source of reports of trials for inclusion in Cochrane reviews. The three bibliographic databases generally considered to be the most important sources to search for studies for inclusion in Cochrane reviews are CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE. National, regional and subjectspecific databases should be selected for searching according to the topic of the review. Evidencebased Medicine 小結(jié)（借用）： ： Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Sources to search Summary points (2) Conference abstracts and other grey literature can be an important source of studies for inclusion in reviews. Reference lists in other reviews, guidelines, included (and excluded) studies and other related articles should be searched for additional studies. Efforts should be made to identify unpublished studies. Ongoing trials should be identified and tra。 Evidencebased Medicine 四、如何借鑒已有的檢索策略 借鑒已有的檢索策略最重要的一點是首先應(yīng)弄清這些檢索策略是在何種檢索平臺上進行檢索的。 獲取未發(fā)表的文獻的途徑： 非正式的交流，向同行了解； 發(fā)出一個符合系統(tǒng)評價納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的相關(guān)研究信息的清單給有關(guān)人員； …… Evidencebased Medicine 為何需關(guān)注干預(yù)措施不良反應(yīng)的信息？ 有研究者指出：“評價任何醫(yī)學(xué)干預(yù)措施的應(yīng)用，只知其有何益處顯然不夠，重要的是也應(yīng)該知道它可能造成怎樣的危害。 《 文獻信息辭典 》 Evidencebased Medicine 為何要重視灰色文獻？ 此外，灰色文獻一般來講比醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生雜志報道有更多的陰性結(jié)果。 Evidencebased Medicine 三、如何檢索除書目數(shù)據(jù)庫以外的文獻 補充檢索與主題有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)庫 (supplementary subject databases） 檢索收錄各種指南的網(wǎng)站 (guidelines sites) 檢索會議摘要和學(xué)術(shù)會議錄網(wǎng)站 (meeting abstracts and conference proceedings) 檢索灰色文獻索引 (grey literature indexes) 檢索官方網(wǎng)站 (government/official websites) 檢索衛(wèi)生技術(shù)評估方面的網(wǎng)站 (other HTA websites) 檢索主要的在線書目數(shù)據(jù)庫 (major online book catalogues) 檢索已注冊和在研的臨床試驗數(shù)據(jù)庫 手工檢索相關(guān)雜志 Evidencebased Medicine 如何檢索除書目數(shù)據(jù)庫以外的研究文獻 還可參考 Cochrane Collaborationr的“ The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions” (Version , updated September 2022)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容 ( Sources to search)進行擴展檢索 （見以下幾張幻燈片的內(nèi)容） Evidencebased Medicine 1. Journals and other nonbibliographicdatabase sources Handsearching Fulltext journals available electronically Tables of contents Conference abstracts or proceedings Other reviews, guidelines and reference lists as sources of studies Web Searching Evidencebased Medicine (1) Fulltext journals available electronically BioMed Central: PubMedCentral (PMC): Web sites listing journals offering free fulltext access include: Free Medical Journals: HighWire Press: Evidencebased Medicine (2) Tables of contents Many journals, even those that are available by subscription only, offer Table of Contents (TOC) services free of charge, normally through alerts or RSS feeds. In addition a number of anizations offer TOC services Evidencebased Medicine Examples of anizations offering Table of Contents (TOC) services British Library Direct (free): British Library Inside (to be replaced by British Library Direct Plus) (subscription): Current Contents (subscription): Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) – Brazil (free): Evidencebased Medicine (3) specialist conference abstract sources Biological Abstracts/RRM (Reports, Reviews, Meetings): British Library Inside (to be replaced by British Library Direct Plus): British Library Direct Plus: /productsservices/bldplus ISI Proceedings: 從本校圖書館可查 Evidencebased Medicine (4) Other reviews, guidelines and reference lists as sources of studies Australian National Health and Medical Research Council: Clinical Practice Guidelines: Canadian Medical Association – Infobase: Clinical Practice Guidelines: National Guideline Clearinghouse (US): National Library of Guidelines (UK): New Zealand Guidelines Group: NICE Clinical Guidelines (UK): alguidelines/ Evidencebased Medicine 2. Unpublished and ongoing studies National and international trials registers Subjectspecific trials registers Pharmaceutical industry trials registers Trials results registers and other sources Evidencebased Medicine Examples of trials results registers International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA) Clinical Trials Portal: PhRMA Clinical Study Results Database: Research Findings Electronic Register (ReFeR) (no longer updated): BristolMyers Squibb Clinical Trial Results: Eli Lilly and Company Clinical Trial Registry: Roche Clinical Trials Results Database: Wyeth Clinical Trial Results: Evidencebased Medicine 有了機檢，為何還要手檢？ 手工檢索雜志作為計算機檢索的補充至少有以下兩個原因： 1. 書目文獻數(shù)據(jù)庫并非對全部的臨床試驗文獻進行了收錄； 2. 雖然臨床試驗記錄被數(shù)據(jù)庫收錄，也可能由于在數(shù)據(jù)庫中使用的術(shù)語不易被識別出是臨床試驗而不能被檢索出來。 EMBASE（ 1974年以來）MEDLINE（ 1966年以來）的 1800多萬條生物醫(yī)學(xué)記錄。 operator defaults to within six words。 .ti. denotes a word in the title. Evidencebased Medicine Box : Demonstration search strategy for MEDLINE (Ovid format) , for the topic ‘Tamoxifen for breast cancer’ — 《 手冊 》 12. exp Breast Neoplasms/ 13. (breast adj6 cancer$).mp. 14. (breast adj6 neoplasm$).mp. 15. (breast adj6 carcinoma$)