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the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jump When he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound 690 mph (1,110 kph) in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him pletely. If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it39。與其一味顧慮重重,不如從局外人的角度看待決策之事。 Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness that’s unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion that’s fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us. 當(dāng)生活中出現(xiàn)痛苦的事情時(shí),別再逃跑或隱藏痛苦,試著擁抱它吧;當(dāng)悲傷來(lái)襲時(shí),試著深呼吸,然后直面它。 Have declared the end of the encounter that haven39。s time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a selfrighteous spiritual. 一個(gè)人的時(shí)候,自己的想法總是特別地清晰。 The end of our life, and can meet many things really do? 而窮盡我們的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可? During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。t agree with the 第 15 頁(yè) 共 14 頁(yè) disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the anisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the anisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。 1mM/L 時(shí), fe3+的抑制作用最弱。 C的時(shí)候酶活最高,但時(shí)間久了酶活會(huì)逐漸喪失。 1mM/LEDTA對(duì)酶活有激活作用。處理 24h 時(shí), 20176。C 的時(shí)候,酶活最高 , 故酶的反應(yīng)最 適 溫度為 50176。已知 420 nm 處 ABTS摩爾消光系數(shù)ε 420= 104 L/(mol ε)( TV247。 pH 耐受:將酶液分別和 pH 為 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、ABTS、蒸餾水 30℃水浴 1h 后混合測(cè)酶活 ,共 9 個(gè)處理,每個(gè)處理 3 個(gè)重復(fù),其中 、 、 三組設(shè)定 24h的對(duì)照 ,溫度為 4,測(cè)量三組酶活數(shù)據(jù)取平均值做曲線(xiàn)圖,找出木蹄層孔菌漆酶 pH 耐受的范圍。在超凈工作臺(tái)上將活化好的菌種接到液體培養(yǎng)基中,每瓶培養(yǎng)液中用打孔器打入 3 個(gè)菌餅進(jìn)行培養(yǎng),為測(cè)酶活做準(zhǔn)備。在免疫檢測(cè)中,漆酶有望替代辣根過(guò)氧化物酶成為新的標(biāo)記酶,因?yàn)樗腥缦聨讉€(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn):氧氣作為第二底物,不形成非產(chǎn)物型的酶 底復(fù)合物;相比于過(guò)氧化物酶,漆酶對(duì)介質(zhì)中不同價(jià)態(tài)的金屬離子濃度的敏感性較低無(wú)需特殊的儀器和試劑。另外, 漆酶還在食品分子的交聯(lián)、改善生面團(tuán)的性質(zhì)、增加醬油風(fēng)味、去除食品異味等工藝中發(fā)揮著重要作用。 這類(lèi)化合物結(jié)構(gòu)與酚類(lèi)相似,比較容易被氧化 ; 羧酸及其衍生物:如咖啡酸,阿魏酸等,也可以被氧化 ; 一些人工合成的化合物:如 ABTS 等非酚類(lèi)化合物也可以作為漆酶的底物 ; 金屬有機(jī)化合物 : 這類(lèi)底物 主要有二茂鐵類(lèi)化合物 ; 其它化合物 :這類(lèi)底物主要包括苯環(huán)上連有輕基、烷氧基、氨基、氯代化合物及多環(huán)、稠環(huán)化合物、雜環(huán)化合物等。 漆酶 催化不同類(lèi)型底物氧化反應(yīng)的機(jī) 理主要表現(xiàn)在兩方面:一方面是底物自由基中間體的生成。在產(chǎn)漆酶的真菌中最重要的是擔(dān)子菌中的白腐菌。在中國(guó)和亞洲其他許多國(guó)家,木蹄子實(shí)體水煎服廣泛用于治療食管癌、胃癌、口腔潰瘍、腸胃失調(diào)、發(fā)炎和各種感冒等疾病 [67]。木蹄層孔菌并不能食用,由于其 擔(dān)子果 可以 陰燃 幾個(gè)小時(shí),故可以用來(lái)點(diǎn)火。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 木蹄層孔菌,漆酶,酶學(xué)性質(zhì) II ENZYMATIC PROPERTIES STUDY OF TINDER FUNGUS LACCASE ABSTRACT In this paper, the tinder fungus enzymology properties of laccase were studied. Results are as follows: to ABTS as substrate, the enzyme reaction of the optimum temperature is 50 ℃ 。結(jié)果如下:以 ABTS 作為底物,酶反應(yīng)的最適溫度為 50℃ ;最適 pH 值為 3;在 40176。 C, basic all lose enzyme activity under 50 176。菌管多層,軟木栓質(zhì),多年生,生于櫟、樺、楊、柳、椴、榆、 水曲柳 、梨、李、蘋(píng)果等闊葉樹(shù)干上或木樁上。 有學(xué)者對(duì)木蹄層孔菌子實(shí)體化學(xué)成分做研究表明其含有酚、有機(jī)酸、苷類(lèi)等 [8]。目前漆酶的研究主要集中于對(duì)漆酶的酶學(xué)性質(zhì)研究,酶活測(cè)定,發(fā)酵條件研究這方面,已有利用漆酶降解木材中的木質(zhì)素、生產(chǎn)酒精和利用漆酶區(qū)分嗎啡和可卡因的先例 [11]。另一方面,漆酶催化底物氧化和對(duì) O2的還原是通過(guò)四個(gè)銅離子協(xié)同傳遞電子和價(jià)態(tài)變化來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 這是漆酶最有前景的應(yīng)用 [13]。 去除氯酚類(lèi)有機(jī)化合物 : 很多研究表明,漆酶具有轉(zhuǎn)化酚型底物的能力,其中包括氯酚、甲基酚、甲氧基酚等。 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 木蹄層 孔菌的培養(yǎng) PDA培養(yǎng)基 在燒杯中加入 300ml 蒸餾水,將土豆去皮切成 5mm 的小方塊。 漆酶酶 學(xué)性質(zhì) 在大離心管中依次加入 100mM 的酒石酸鈉 ( ) 300μ L, 1mM 的 ,蒸餾水 700μ L,酶液預(yù)熱后取 500μ L 加入到離心管中混勻,轉(zhuǎn)移到比色皿中在 420nm波長(zhǎng)下進(jìn)行吸光光度值的測(cè)定,計(jì)算酶活。 15μl( 1mM)金屬離子和抑制劑加 685μl蒸餾水, 150μl( 10mM)金屬離子和抑制劑加 550μl蒸餾水, 以酶液事先滅活后的反應(yīng)混合液為對(duì)照 , 測(cè)定各金屬離子對(duì)漆酶酶活力的影響。 SV)。 漆酶的第 9 頁(yè) 共 14 頁(yè) pH 耐受如 圖 32 所示 。 處理 1h 時(shí), 30176。C 還較穩(wěn)定,高于 50176。 根據(jù)圖 3— 7 雙倒數(shù)圖公式,計(jì)算得