【正文】 g a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismith39。 its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were ruled official in 1949. The rulesetters came from several groups early in the 1900s. Colleges and universities established their rules mittees in 1905, the YMCA and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) created a set of rules jointly, state militia groups abided by a shared set of rules, and there were two professional sets of rules. A Joint Rules Committee for colleges, the AAU, and the YMCA was created in 1915, and, under the name the National Basketball Committee (NBC) made rules for amateur play until 1979. In that year, the National Federation of State High School Associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the NCAA Rules Committee assumed rulemaking responsibilities for junior colleges, colleges, and the Armed Forces, with a similar mittee holding jurisdiction over women39。s Professional Basketball League (WBL) and the Women39。s attention as they did in other sports of the period. The same was true in college basketball up until the late 1930s, with coaches dominating the game and its development. Walter Doc Meanwell at Wisconsin, Forrest Phog Allen at Kansas, Ward Piggy Lambert at Purdue, and Henry Doc Carlson at Pittsburgh all made significant contributions to the game39。s appeal and Podoloff39。 and two great black teams, the New York Renaissance Five and Abe Saperstein39。 under these premises, the two joined to form the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949. A rival American Basketball Association (ABA) was inaugurated in 1967 and challenged the NBA for college talent and market share for almost ten years. In 1976, this league disbanded, but four of its teams remained as NBA teams. Unification came just in time for major television support. Several women39。 Australia, China, and India between 1895 and 1900。s ball is in (7274 cm) in circumference. The covering of the ball is leather, rubber, position, or synthetic, although leather covers only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. Orange is the regulation color. At all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. Inflation of the ball is based on the height of the ball39。 *試述：信息系統(tǒng)安全保障重要環(huán)節(jié)的內(nèi)容。 薄弱環(huán)節(jié)分析 ：找出企業(yè)信息收集、處理、傳輸、儲存等方面存在的問題 。 效益分析 是評價企業(yè) 管理信息系統(tǒng)的重要方面。 2）使用信息系統(tǒng)還可以取得 全行業(yè)的競爭優(yōu)勢 ； 3） 網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟 ； 4）企業(yè)的 業(yè)務(wù)流程重組 。3）信息勞動者、腦力勞動者、知識分子的作用日益增大 。然而，信息是無處不在 的，有物質(zhì)運動就有相應(yīng)的信息。而知 識則是人類認識世界的成果或結(jié)晶，它是人類認識活動的產(chǎn)物。 其中， 操作系統(tǒng) 是核心，它 的功能和性能在一定程度上決定系統(tǒng)的整體水平 。 答： 信息資源管理體系包括： 組織結(jié)構(gòu)和人的因素 ； 其中 人的因素的 主要 包括： 認識 CIO的在企業(yè)中的地位和作用 ； 發(fā)揮信息化委員會的功能 ； 重視人才培養(yǎng) ； 提高整個企業(yè)的信息利用能力。 D、改進設(shè)計質(zhì)量和精度。 *文檔三 大 類 ： 系統(tǒng)文檔、用戶文檔、操作文檔 。 *企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)按組成方式不同分為 ： 概念結(jié)構(gòu)、功能結(jié)構(gòu)、軟件結(jié)構(gòu)、硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 。 二．填空題 （每空 1 分，共 25 分） ： 企業(yè)的四種資源是 人 力 、 資金 、 物質(zhì) 、信息 資源 。 決策支持系統(tǒng) ： 是以管理學(xué)、運籌學(xué)、控制論和行為科學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)，以計算機和仿真技術(shù)為手段，輔助決策者解決半結(jié)構(gòu)化或非結(jié)構(gòu)化決策問題的人機交互信息系統(tǒng)。這種有機整體有三層含義：這些元素是為了達到某個或某些共同的目標而結(jié)合的；這種結(jié)合要遵守某些規(guī)則；這種結(jié)合意味著這些元素之 間有較強的相互依存和相互作用的關(guān)系，往往不可輕易地分割為獨立單元而存在。 系統(tǒng) ： 是由若干相互聯(lián)系，相互制約的元素結(jié)合在一起，并形成具有特定功能的有機整體。專家系統(tǒng)通過知識庫，利用啟發(fā)式算法，經(jīng)驗規(guī)則和推理方法解決難以尋找某些規(guī)律或定量描述的困難問題。 然后 ， 系 統(tǒng)分析人員和用戶一道 對該 模型進行評價 ， 根據(jù)評價 的結(jié)果，再對模型進行 反復(fù) 修改，直到 用戶 滿意為止 。 一 個 較成熟的 DSS結(jié)構(gòu)是由 交互語言系統(tǒng)、問題處理系統(tǒng) 和 知識系統(tǒng) 構(gòu)成。 *互聯(lián)網(wǎng)給企業(yè)與個人帶來的最大利益就是 信息共享 。 C、 縮短運行周期。 定期是客戶關(guān)系快速發(fā)展期 三、簡答題（ 3 分，共 12 分） 簡 述 信息資源管理體系 。 軟件 選擇 ： 系統(tǒng)軟件 分為操作系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用軟件 。 答： 信息是關(guān)于事物運動狀態(tài)和規(guī)律的的消息，是事物存在和變化的情況，是客觀世界中各種事物狀態(tài)和特征的反映。 所以，知識是一種信息。2）信息技術(shù)、信息產(chǎn)業(yè)、信息經(jīng)濟日益成為科技、經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展的主導(dǎo)因素 。 ＊簡答： 信息技術(shù)對企業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的意義 答： 1） 企業(yè)間的協(xié)同 ； 企業(yè)間可以利用信息系統(tǒng)成為信息伙伴，甚至可以將他們的信息系統(tǒng)聯(lián)結(jié)起來，共享信息資源。 3 .系統(tǒng)管理的科學(xué)性 ,包括：運行記錄是否完備；系統(tǒng)維護是否有嚴格審批制度；主管人員能否及時了解情況；主管人員是否有技術(shù)手段和組織途徑檢查系統(tǒng)的各部分。 4． 用戶需要分析 ：了解企業(yè) 總體上的信息需求；了解每項應(yīng)用的詳細信息需求 。 BSP 研究步驟： ； ； ； ； 5.分析當前業(yè)務(wù)與系統(tǒng)的關(guān)系 ； ； 。s games measures in (7576 cm) in circumference, and a women39。 England in 1894。s basketball league in the United States was the National Basketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a pergame basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the everchanging players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was anized in 1937, and the Basketball Association of America was anized in 1946. The two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams on a contract basis and that high standards had to govern the game。s Philadelphia SPHAs (South Philadelphia Hebrew Association)。s rival, the National Basketball League, had existed since the 1930s, had better players, like Mikan of the Minneapolis Lakers, Bob Davies of the Rochester Royals, and Dolph Shayes of the Syracuse Nationals, but operated in much worse facilities and did not do much better at attracting audiences. In 1948, Podoloff lured the Lakers, Royals, and two other teams to the BAA and proposed a merger of the two leagues for the 1949–1950 season. The result was the National Basketball Associ