外文翻譯---硬件軟件的設(shè)計和開發(fā)過程(存儲版)
【正文】 仍有超過二分之一的集成電路設(shè)計和 ASIC 設(shè)計在運用時需要硅片返工。通過開發(fā)圖解抓取工具將一度應(yīng)用于晶體管層面上的設(shè)計提升到了門類應(yīng)用層面上。這種集合語言的創(chuàng)造使得程序員能夠高于機器語言進行編程，提高了代碼生成和歸檔的效率。附 錄 一、英文原文 Hardware/Software Design and Development Process Everett Lumpkin and Michael Gabrick Delphi Corporation, Electronics and Safety Division INTRODUCTION Process and technology advancements in the semiconductor industry have helped to revolutionize automotive and consumer electronics. As Moore’s Law predicted, the increase in plexity and operating frequencies of today’s integrated circuits have enabled the creation of system applications once thought to be impossible. And systems such as camera cell phones, automotive infotainment systems, advanced powertrain controllers and handheld personal puters have been realized as a result. In addition to the increases in process technology, the Electronic Design Automation (EDA) industry has helped to transform the way semiconductor integrated circuits (IC) and subsequent software applications are designed and verified. This transformation has occurred in the form of design abstraction, where the implementation continues to be performed at higher levels through the innovation of design automation tools. An example of this trend is the evolution of software development from the early days of machinelevel programming to the C++ and Java software written today. The creation of the assembler allowed the programmer to move a level above machine language, which increased the efficiency of code generation and documentation, but still tied the programmer to the underlying hardware architecture. Likewise, the dawn of C / C++ pilers, debuggers and linkers helped to move the abstraction layer further away from the underlying hardware, making the software pletely platform independent, easier to read, easier to debug and more efficient to manage. However, a shift to higher levels of software abstraction has not translated to a reduction in plexity or human resources. On the contrary, as integrated systems have bee more feature rich, the plexity of the operating system and corresponding applications have increased rapidly, as have the costs associated with the software implementation and verification activities. Certainly the advancements in embedded software tools such as static code checkers, debuggers and hardware emulators have helped to solve some of the software verification problems, but software verification activities have bee more time and resource consuming than the actual software creation. Timetomarket constraints have pushed software verification activities to the systemlevel, and led to a greater demand for production hardware to be made available earlier in the software development flow. As with the software case, the semiconductor design munity has made a very similar transformation in their design and verification strategies sparked by advances in the EDA munity. Designs that were once implemented pletely at the transistor level migrated to the gatelevel implementation through the development of schematic capture tools. The creation of hardware description languages such as Ve
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