微觀經(jīng)濟學英文課件ch(1)(存儲版)
【正文】 Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue. PB Quantity Q2 0 Price Q1 Demand Supply PS Deadweight loss (c) Large Tax Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue ? For the small tax, tax revenue is small. – 稅率低時，稅收總額也比較小。 Tax Revenue T = the size of the tax Q = the quantity of the good sold T?Q = the government’s tax revenue Tax Revenue... Price 0 Quantity Quantity without tax Supply Demand Price sellers receive Quantity with tax Size of tax (T) Quantity sold (Q) Tax Revenue (T x Q) Price buyers pay How a Tax Affects Welfare... Quantity 0 Price Demand Supply Q1 A B C F D E Q2 Tax reduces consumer surplus by (B+C) and producer surplus by (D+E) Tax revenue = (B+D) Deadweight Loss = (C+E) Price buyers pay = PB P1 Price without tax = PS Price sellers receive = Changes in Welfare from a Tax Without Tax With Tax Change Consumer Surplus A + B + C A (B + C) Producer Surplus D + E + F F (D + E) Tax Revenue none B + D + (B + D) Total Surplus A + B + C + D + E + F A + B + D + F (C + E ) The area C+E shows the fall in total surplus is the deadweight loss of the tax. How a Tax affects welfare 稅收如何影響福利 ? The change in total welfare includes: – 總得福利變化包括： ? The change in consumer surplus. – 消費者剩余的變化 ? The change in producer surplus. – 生產(chǎn)者剩余的變化 ? The change in tax revenue. – 稅收總額的變化 ? The losses to buyers and sellers exceed the revenue raise by the government. – 買者和賣者的損失超過了政府征收的稅收總額 ? The fall in total surplus is called the
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