【正文】 可代替性較低的相關(guān)部門將會增加一國的貿(mào)易依存度，因此，較低的代替性就會有較高的外貿(mào)依存度。最后，度量貿(mào)易依存度的方法改進(jìn)是必 要的 ,但對國際市場的依賴程度需要更深層次的結(jié)構(gòu)分析 ,不盲目“恐高” ,也不消極無為 ,應(yīng)該積極爭取結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與優(yōu)化 ,力爭對外貿(mào)易的健康發(fā)展。 二、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展動態(tài) 近年來，隨著我國對外貿(mào) 易的長足發(fā)展，我國外貿(mào)依存度逐年升高，基于此，國內(nèi)學(xué)者對我國外貿(mào)依存度的內(nèi)涵和變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究。他通過建立誤差修正模型對兩者的長期均衡關(guān)系進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn) ,結(jié)果表明依靠貿(mào)易來拉動經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的空間已經(jīng)非常有限。 從單一視角看 ,主要涉及到結(jié)構(gòu)型風(fēng)險、外部風(fēng)險和國家安全戰(zhàn)略等方面。順差嚴(yán)重依賴美國和歐盟 ,逆差主要分布在日本、韓國和東盟等亞洲國家 ,而出口市場過度依賴美日歐 ,易受制于其貿(mào)易政策的變動和其經(jīng)濟(jì)景氣情況 。 第四部分分析 浙江省外貿(mào)依存度不斷攀升原因及影響。 五、研究方法與技術(shù)路線 擬采用文獻(xiàn)研究法、歸納比較研究法以及實(shí)證分析法來研究 浙江省外貿(mào)依存度不斷攀升的情況。它們對個別國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展已經(jīng) 大大加深即在整個二戰(zhàn)時期后，在過去的幾十年中，國際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展屬于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中最活力的要素。 轉(zhuǎn)換功能 外貿(mào)的轉(zhuǎn)型影響表明了歷史上與國外經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的主要含義。例如，當(dāng)代外籍勞工的使用，進(jìn)口是指利用專門的設(shè)備，使其開始加速國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)指利用，利用外國貸款來延伸給定時期內(nèi)的國內(nèi)資源等。在國際范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用經(jīng)濟(jì)的時間原則是在孤立的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)框架中在發(fā)展的可能中提高增長率的來源。目前，它被認(rèn)為是一個廣范的雙向流動，不僅是材料，金融，信貸，勞動力，而且，還有仍在增長的動力，非物質(zhì)流動：信息，學(xué)習(xí) ，技術(shù)服務(wù)，科學(xué)和研究成果的形式專利，許可證，知道如何最廣范的意義。 表示開放水平的指標(biāo)是人均出口的美元，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值表示的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平，例如和美國基地有關(guān)。?ek, V. Krepl ABSTRACT Foreign trade is the reflection of economic relationships among the individual economies and represents the part of the country foreign relationships, which include trade exchange of a part of the production. In the simplifies balance understanding, it is usually presupposed that the object of this exchange is such a part of the production, which exceeds the home consumers demand and thus is the object of export, or, vice versa, that part of the home demand which is not satisfied by the home production and thus has to be covered by import. In reality, the whole process is, however, substantially more plicated, as the whole series of reasons (price, trade, political etc.) lead often to exporting even those products which might have been realised in the home market, regarding the purchasable demand, and on the other hand, import includes in most modity groups also the products peting with the home production and thus securing a wider assortment of supply. Keywords: function of foreign trade, transformation function, factor of economic growth, factor of the home economy lagging behind, measure and shape of the economy openness, evaluation of the foreign trade effects FUNCTION OF FOREIGN TRADE Foreign trade is historically the oldest and still important part of the external economic relationships. Their impact on the economic development of the individual countries has deepened considerably namely during the whole period after the WW2, in the last decades the international trade development belongs among the most dynamic elements of the world economy development. At that, it represents not only the dynamic development on the quantitative level, but also, from the viewpoint of the structural changes of the individual countries, also the plex international trade flows. In harmony with the conclusions of the classical, neoclassical as well as modern foreign trade theories, it can be stated that at present foreign trade belongs to the decisive factors influencing economic growth of both the individual countries as well as the world economy (Jeni?ek 20xx). Looking at the functioning of foreign trade in the economy of the individual countries, we can find considerable differences in the dependence on the type of economy regarding its economic size and the level of economic development. Nevertheless, it is possible to mark certain functions as generally valid: – Transformation function, . the influence of foreign trade on forming the internal economic balance level – Growth function, . fulfilling the viewpoint of the “economy of time“ with the result of saving national labour by taking part in the international division of labour – Foreign trade can, under certain conditions, act as a barrier of the home economy growth –Mutual interaction between the growth (or decline) of national ine and the growth (decline) of export. TRANSFORMATION FUNCTION The transformation impact of foreign trade represents historically the primary meaning of the economic relationships with abroad. Foreign trade changes(transforms) the structure of national production, resp. of national resources, into the demanded structure in the sphere of use (intermediate as well as final). The transformation function of foreign trade is especially pronounced in the relatively small economies where the import flows are the prerequisite of overing the limits in production resources, respectively the efficiency of their use (with regard to the internal market scope). Therefore, it is possible to correct through import of certain products the limits given both 16 by the natural conditions (insufficient raw materials resources, limited area, soil and climatic conditions) and the economic conditions (production costs of the home production are relatively high regarding the given scope of the home market). Transformation impact of foreign trade is of growing importance also with regard to the increasing economic level of the country, which brings about a considerable growth of the differentiation of needs. At the same time, a more developed economy is characteristic by the production specialisation growth, that is by the efficient narrowing of the produced assortment, what at the simultaneous widening of the consumption assortment asks necessarily for the increased import (in this sense, import is understood as the manifestation of the other pole of specialisation, that is the socalled passive specialisation). The influence of external economic relationships through the transformation of production factors on the international level enables to overe the home limits in the disponibility of these factors or with regard to a certain time frame. For example, a contemporary use of foreign labor, import of the specialised equipment enabling an accelerated start of the home production means utilisation, the use of foreign credits for extending the home resources in the given period etc. All this means the potential positive impact of foreign trade (res