【正文】 ............ 49 Summary ......................................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION.................................................................. 51 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 54 中文參考文獻 .......................................................................................................... 54 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................... 51 杭州師范大學碩士學位論文 多元系統(tǒng)論視角下文化負載詞的翻譯研究 — 以楊必《名利場》為例 1 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The Background of the Study Since the term “cultural turn” of Translation Studies, which was proposed by SnellHornby, was advocated by Basst and Lefevere, the school of Translation Studies began to cope with translation problems from their different cultural perspectives and formed different theories of translation studies. From then on, culture has bee an indispensable element when dealing with translation problems. With the rapid development of economy and information technology, the whole world has been closely connected, and this can be reflected from such angles as politics, economy and culture. It is known to all that the language of one country is the carrier of its culture, the differences existing in the culture of different countries can be found in language. Vocabulary is the basic elements of language, which carries a large amount of cultural information and can reflect social and cultural factors. Therefore, when English learners learn or use English, they should focus their eyesight not only on basic elements but on cultural factors. It is the same case for translators, during their translation process from one language to another, culture is the important factor on which they must put their emphasis, it is also the main element that could greatly affect the acceptability of translated works among targetlanguage readers. As a matter of fact, language and culture are closely correlated, therefore, how to transfer the unique cultural information to the target readers has bee an important problem to translators. EvenZohar first put forward Polysystem Theory in his seminal paper “The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem” (EvenZohar, 1990a), in which two interrelated hypotheses have been made: first, that the position assumed by translated literature in the literary polysystem tends to be a peripheral one except in three special cases, and second, that translation tends towards acceptability when it is at the periphery, and towards adequacy when it is at the center(Chang Namfung, 2020). Under the guidance of cultural norms of translation and Polysystem Theory, 杭州師范大學碩士學位論文 多元系統(tǒng)論視角下文化負載詞的翻譯研究 — 以楊必《名利場》為例 2 translating culturalloaded words is being more and more important because it can help to promote mutual understanding and crosscultural exchanges. However, in China many translation studies are still confined to linguistic level, stylistic level and so on, few translation scholars put their focuses on cultural elements when introducing foreign literary works to Chinese readers. There are so many languages in the world, and each language possesses its peculiar characteristics and concepts. Different cultural history can lead to cultural gap between different languageusers. Cultural gap is the concept of words or expressions of one country failing to find their equivalent elements in another country because of cultural differences. Some unique words or expressions of different cultures will also cause misunderstanding in munication. On the other hand, as we all know, English falls into to the IndoEuropean language family while Chinese the SinoTibetan family. Thus when English literary works are introduced to Chinese readers, even though they are translated so fluently at linguistic level, but for the translation of some cultural terms, peculiar to its culture, may make Chinese readers puzzled owing to different cultural background. For Chinese translators, it is their inescapable responsibility to translate foreign literary works from the perspective both language and culture. However, due to the unique cultural connotations of those cultural terms existing in foreign literary works, their accurate translation poses a very difficult problem to the Chinese translators. In this paper, the researcher intends to do some tentative research in this field. Through reviewing the historical background of the Chinese version of Vanity Fair, analyzing the state of Chinese literature and the position assumed by the translated literature in 1950s, the researcher is to put forward some practical strategies in dealing with the translation of cultureloaded words. These English cultureloaded words and expressions are the direct reflections of the unique features of English culture. However, the translation of these cultural terms is one of the most difficult points and major barriers in the EnglishChinese translation and crosscultural munication, and it is also the main reason to cause misunderstanding for Chinese readers. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the important issues concerned 杭州師范大學碩士學位論文 多元系統(tǒng)論視角下文化負載詞的翻譯研究 — 以楊必《名利場》為例 3 by translators and to put forward some feasible strategies to develop the strong points to display English culture in front of Chinese readers. The Scope of the Study This paper focuses on the translation of cultureloaded words under the guidance of Polysystem Theory from the perspective of the relationship between culture and translation. The theme that culture is closely related to language and exerts great influence on the translation of cultural terms has been highlighted in the pap