【正文】 e。s provisions is equivalent to twenty of one39。 supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy39。 and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more. 5. The general, unable to control his irritation, will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants, with the result that onethird of his men are slain, while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege. 6. Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy39。 if quite unequal in every way, we can flee from him. 10. Hence, though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force, in the end it must be captured by the larger force. 11. Now the general is the bulwark of the State。 on the other, a victory that is plete. 8. To see victory only when it is within the ken of the mon herd is not the acme of excellence. 9. Neither is it the acme of excellence if you fight and conquer and the whole Empire says, Well done! 10. To lift an autumn hair is no sign of great strength。 Estimation of quantity to Measurement。 yet these two in bination give rise to an endless series of maneuvers. 11. The direct and the indirect lead on to each other in turn. It is like moving in a circleyou never e to an end. Who can exhaust the possibilities of their bination? 12. The onset of troops is like the rush of a torrent which will even roll stones along in its course. 13. The quality of decision is like the welltimed swoop of a falcon which enables it to strike and destroy its victim. 14. Therefore the good fighter will be terrible in his onset, and prompt in his decision. 15. Energy may be likened to the bending of a crossbow。 whoever is second in the field and has to hasten to battle will arrive exhausted. 2. Therefore the clever batant imposes his will on the enemy, but does not allow the enemy39。s fate in our hands. 10. You may advance and be absolutely irresistible, if you make for the enemy39。 for then the enemy will have to prepare agains。 and he is skillful in defense whose opponent does not know what to attack. 9. O divine art of subtlety and secrecy! Through you we learn to be invisible, through you inaudible。 then with a body of picked men he lies in wait for him. 21. The clever batant looks to the effect of bined energy, and does not require too much from individuals. Hence his ability to pick out the right men and utilize bined energy. 22. When he utilizes bined energy, his fighting men bee as it were like unto rolling logs or stones. For it is the nature of a log or stone to remain motionless on level ground, and to move when on a slope。 like the sun and moon, they end but to begin anew。 fourthly, Balancing of chances。 attacking, a superabundance of strength. 7. The general who is skilled in defense hides in the most secret recesses of the earth。 if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two. 9. If equally matched, we can offer battle。s army in the field。s country whole and intact。s substance to be drained away. 12. When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions. 13,14. With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and threetenths of their ine will be dissipated。 the chances of life and death. 9. The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerely, benevolence, courage and strictness. 10. By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure. 11. These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be victorious。 I. LAYING PLANS 1. Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. 2. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. 3. The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one39。微哉微哉！無所不用間也。 用間第十三 孫子曰： 凡興師十萬，出征千里，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金，內(nèi)外騷動，怠于道路，不得操事者，七十萬家。水可以絕，不可以奪。發(fā)火有時，起火有日。投之亡地然后存，陷之死地然后生。故兵之情：圍則御，不得已則斗，過則從。將軍之事，靜以幽，正以治，能愚士卒之耳目，使之無知；易其事，革其謀，使人無識；易其居，迂其途，使民不得慮。 令發(fā)之日，士卒坐者涕沾襟，偃臥者涕交頤，投之無所往，諸、劌之勇也。凡為客之道，深入則專。 九 地第十一 孫子曰：用兵之法，有散地，有輕地，有爭地，有交地，有衢地，有重地，有泛地，有圍地，有死地。知此而用戰(zhàn)者必勝，不知此而用戰(zhàn)者必敗。遠(yuǎn)形者，勢均難以挑戰(zhàn)，戰(zhàn)而不利。通形者，先居高陽，利糧道，以戰(zhàn)則利。故合之以文，齊之以武 ，是謂必取。吾遠(yuǎn)之，敵近之；吾迎之，敵背之。絕水必遠(yuǎn)水，客絕水而來，勿迎之于水內(nèi)，令半渡而擊之利，欲戰(zhàn)者，無附于水而迎客，視生處高，無迎水流，此處水上之軍也。故將通于九變之利者，知用兵矣；將不通九變之利，雖知地形，不能得地之利矣；治兵不知九變之術(shù)，雖知五利，不能得人之用矣。是故朝氣銳，晝氣惰，暮氣歸。故其疾如風(fēng)，其徐如林，侵掠如火，不動如山，難知如陰，動如雷震。軍爭之難者，以迂為直，以患為利。因形而措勝于眾，眾不能知。吾所與戰(zhàn)之地不可知，不可知則敵所備者多，敵所備者多，則吾所與戰(zhàn)者寡矣。守而必固者，守其所必攻也。故善戰(zhàn)人之勢，如轉(zhuǎn)圓石于千仞之山者，勢也。紛紛紜紜，斗亂而不可亂；渾渾沌沌，形圓而不可敗。凡戰(zhàn)者，以正合，以奇勝。故善戰(zhàn)者，立于不敗之地，而不失敵之?dāng)∫?。不可勝者，守也；可勝者，攻也。此五者，知勝之道也。故用兵之法，十則圍之，五則攻之，倍則分之，敵則能戰(zhàn)之，少則能逃之，不若則能避之。 【注：】 ①：“忌”加“艸”頭。力屈中原、內(nèi)虛于家，百姓之費，十去其七；公家之費，破軍罷馬，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。則內(nèi)外之費，賓客之用，膠 漆之材，車甲之奉，日費千金，然后十萬之師舉矣。勢者，因利而制權(quán)也。中國古典文化 孫子兵法（英文版） SUN TZU ON THE ART OF WAR THE OLDEST MILITARY TREATISE IN THE WORLD Translated from the Chinese By LIONEL GILES, . (1910) [This is the basic text of Sun Tzu on the Art of War. It was extracted from Mr. Giles39。計利以聽，乃為之勢，以佐其外。 作戰(zhàn)第二 孫子曰：凡用兵之法，馳車千駟，革車千乘，帶甲十萬，千里饋糧。國之貧于師者遠(yuǎn)輸，遠(yuǎn)輸則百姓貧；近師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓財竭，財竭則急于丘役。國家安危之主也。故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非戰(zhàn)也，拔人之城而非攻也，毀人之國而非久也，必以全爭于天下，故兵不頓而利可全，此謀攻之法也。故知勝有五：知可以戰(zhàn)與不可以戰(zhàn)者勝，識眾寡之用者勝，上下同欲者勝，以虞待不虞者勝，將能而君不御者勝。故曰：勝可知，而不可為。不忒者，其所措勝，勝已敗者也。 兵勢第五 孫子曰：凡治眾如治寡，分?jǐn)?shù)是也；斗眾如斗寡，形名是也；三軍之眾，可使必受敵而無敗者，奇正是也；兵之所加，如以□①投卵者，虛實是也。勢如擴(kuò)弩，節(jié)如發(fā)機。木石之性，安則靜，危則動，方則止，圓則行。行千里而不勞者，行于無人之地也；攻而必取者，攻其所不守也。則我眾敵寡，能以眾擊寡者，則吾之所與戰(zhàn)者約矣。無形則深間不能窺，智者不能謀。