【正文】 on of highspeed transportation work, the transfer line at different points on the formation of a relatively easy to change stations, car parks and shops, such as the underground plex, which may be expanded to bee the underground mall or mercial center . Also, in order to make full use of urban underground space should be to change the city39。 (5) the quality control of raw materials, timely grasp the construction environment, in strict accordance with the construction norms of construction。 the diameter of fine sand。 in the rock should be chosen homogeneous lithology, structure simple, thick stone rock hard to avoid the fault fracture zone, seismic zone and instability, such as the 6 slope. In the plain areas, should pay attention to changes in groundwater level and its direct impact on the burial depth of underground construction, construction measures and construction methods。 above to build other buildings, known as the attached underground construction. Open excavation backfill the latter part of the construction, soil or bulldozers, and as bulldozers building construction or soil. Underground mining construction, usually in the deeper layers of rock or digging into the required space for more than a certain thickness at the top of the natural cover. In addition, China also has a habit of classification methods, into the underground tunnel type, tunneltype (usually mining), opening ceremony (equivalent to a single open excavation built) and the basement air (that is attached open excavation) . Road tunnel and the main difference is that the relationship between inside and outside the ground elevation, internal than external, as the tunnel, which is lower than the outside as the authentic. Underground construction of the design requirements for the underground architectural design requirements: ① choose engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of a good place. Underground construction of the planning and design, must be plete and accurate information based on Geological Survey, full use of the favorable geological conditions, to avoid unfavorable factors. Arrangement in the soil in the ground floor of buildings, should be chosen with a certain capacity, and relatively uniform thick soil layer, avoiding the backfill layer, layer of mud, sand and other streaming sites。 (2) improper selection of materials, such as contraction of cement, and stone size distribution of the poor, with a large quantity of mud。 (4) the proposed design of the underground construction of the wall panels should be allocated by the hydration of cement can withstand the heat caused by the thermal stress, shrinkage stress, the level of crack control reinforcement, diameter of not less than Ф12, spaced not more than 150mm, joints should be the use of welding, and Cold Drawn Straightening, keep straight after installation, spacing and location of protective layer should be accurate. The addition of reinforced concrete beam and dark columns, enhancing the role of the wall cracking strength, superlong construction of pouring after sewing or mixed in concrete ways to UEA expansive agent is effective in reducing measures undertaken Crack. 60d of the late use of concrete strength, can reduce the amount of cement concrete。 order to speed up the construction schedule is necessary to design and manufacture of largescale mining machinery。地下建筑的密閉環(huán)境和周圍存在著的比較穩(wěn)定的溫度場，對于創(chuàng)造恒溫或超凈的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境和在低溫或高溫狀態(tài)下貯存物資，防止污染，特別是對于節(jié)約能源，都是有利的。有些糧倉也建在地下，如隋代洛陽的含嘉倉。在中國周口店發(fā)現(xiàn) ,50 多萬年前 ,北京猿人就居住在天然巖洞中。人類合理開發(fā)和綜合利用天然形成的和人工挖掘的地下空間，不僅有助于緩和現(xiàn)代城市發(fā)展中的各種矛盾 ,改善生活環(huán)境 ,還為人類開拓了新的生活領(lǐng)域。 the construction site should be shade measures to reduce the construction of temperature。 Second, in winter there is no lowtemperature thermal insulation during the construction of measures , that is, when the goods after the concrete into the mold, cement hydration heat and the environment significantly increased the temperature at 0 ℃ about, then the outer panel of contraction at low temperatures, resulting in cracks. Third, improper pouring methods, such as pumping to take concrete pouring is not hierarchical, but pouring from one part of the maximum, and then the mobile shop and then pouring a section of pipe。s poor physical and psychological effects. ④ for structural design and construction to create favorable conditions. Underground construction of the main features of the structural design is a big load, so in the architectural design, from layout, column work options to determine the areas 7 of story should be for the structural design of the economy, create conditions reasonable. The construction of underground construction is rather plicated, the design should be to simplify the construction and shorten the duration and the use of advanced construction technology to create favorable conditions and minimize the ground during the construction period of the normal activities such as transportation and so on. As the underground construction of the building structure is different from the specificity of the upper part, involving the design, construction technology, environment and soil mechanics, such as technical progress in a series of problems in engineering applications engineers often encounter the following problems: (1) of the underground structures of conventional reinforced concrete structures are mainly ordinary reinforced concrete structural system used in the existence of largescale underground structure of the high cost, even crosssection structure, and the impact of depth of underground structures, construction progressing at a slow pace, as well as the shortings of a waste of construction materials, should the new system, the introduction of construction materials and str