【正文】 能的了解，因此關(guān)注，在一個(gè)大規(guī)模范圍內(nèi)。 城市環(huán)境，沒(méi)有這個(gè)字被稱為 placeless，而且往往是唯一的方式充分了解該地方的貢獻(xiàn)，使我們的生活是缺乏地方特色的環(huán)境。在最一般的水平的城市設(shè)計(jì)師是幫助來(lái)決定建筑物的實(shí)心墻將去，這樣做會(huì)怎樣選擇外面會(huì)有什么內(nèi)部環(huán)境。 半公共空間：公共空間相比，半公共空間是一個(gè)空間中，一些更大程度的控制已經(jīng)結(jié)束的時(shí)候被允許訪問(wèn)。私人住宅等場(chǎng)所允許完全控制和更高的程度雙方的安全和隱私，讓他們可以使用他們所希望的空間，例如，園藝，儲(chǔ)存垃圾，曬太陽(yáng)，玩?；蛐蘩碜孕熊?chē)。住房計(jì)劃，有半私家前花園，但沒(méi)有在公共街道空間與可能，例如，在街頭性質(zhì)完全不同的結(jié)果到一個(gè)高前后墻對(duì)沖，甚至已經(jīng)實(shí)施情況的界面墻。在一個(gè)住 宅區(qū)，這可能是由鄰居，兒童有機(jī)會(huì)一定會(huì)安靜的地方為主演奏或行人和車(chē)輛通過(guò)。 直接接觸在人與人之間的一條街道對(duì)他們的日常業(yè)務(wù)，是一種監(jiān)督形式，但人民有機(jī)會(huì)到街上看到鄰近的住家，也創(chuàng)造了一種安全感，而這些人在街上也非正式地看到，一切都良好的家內(nèi)。廣場(chǎng)、步行街、扶梯、連廊與豐富的業(yè)態(tài)，多元化的生活元素組合，形成完美內(nèi)向型的城市街區(qū)。 外圍區(qū)塊 外圍塊時(shí)，才可能是其他塊結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了更多的實(shí)驗(yàn)。有時(shí)候是有可能的非居民進(jìn)入庭院只可以向本地居民 房屋與私人花園周邊樓宇和共享開(kāi)放的空間：邊緣塊可能也有一個(gè)玩?；蛲＼?chē)的公共空間的私人花園住宅，然后又被引入。此外，在獨(dú)立的公寓大廈某些網(wǎng)站提供了最有效的機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展。 今天，這仍然成為理由的事例 。 周邊公寓大廈共用空地時(shí)候，如果公寓的開(kāi)發(fā)，半私人的庭院進(jìn)入的地方，例如，介紹了塊種植中心介紹：，居民可以放松，兒童可以發(fā)揮或洗滌可干。 房屋布局的歷史涵蓋了住宅塊結(jié)構(gòu)種類(lèi)繁多，其持久的成功表明，人們可以愉快地生活在一個(gè)住宅設(shè)置，只要家中有良好的構(gòu)造面廣泛，社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，住房環(huán)境良好的管理。 此為私人花園，花園的后果是同樣 現(xiàn)在緊靠販賣(mài)街道的喧鬧，盡管這是一個(gè)深思熟慮的房子從公共領(lǐng)域是人口較少和背面是相對(duì)容易給小偷跳差監(jiān)視。這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)在一個(gè)住宅區(qū)內(nèi)的公共空間的一些活動(dòng)是 人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的程度作為一個(gè)積極的特點(diǎn)認(rèn)為在大部分住宅設(shè)置。 在各地的公共領(lǐng)域戰(zhàn)線阿公共生活的焦點(diǎn) 一個(gè)住宅區(qū)內(nèi)的公共領(lǐng)域是指建筑物之間的空間，盡管它含有半公開(kāi)或年長(zhǎng)的，私人空間，將傾向于由缺憾和公共街道網(wǎng)絡(luò)戈斯主導(dǎo)形式。 界面 空間之間的不同類(lèi)型的界限有時(shí)稱為界面。 私人空間：最后的空間是專為對(duì)一個(gè)財(cái)產(chǎn)。那是管理類(lèi)型或程度明顯控制你能做些什么街道空間內(nèi)是由法律和文化，而在物理設(shè)計(jì)的形狀很清楚，如果它更傾向于使用，例如，參加體育活動(dòng)，散步，跑步，騎自行車(chē)或開(kāi)車(chē)。 個(gè)別地方從樓宇聚集在一起，創(chuàng)造城市形式的街道和廣場(chǎng)是城市道路的結(jié)果如何從個(gè)別建筑物的設(shè)計(jì)帶來(lái)了一起造成的形式類(lèi)型，正如我們可以精心設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)人的建設(shè)，形成街道或廣場(chǎng)，或去街道和廣場(chǎng)的共同努力，使整個(gè)計(jì)劃的模式，不應(yīng)該留給機(jī)會(huì) .城市設(shè)計(jì)幾乎可以被定義，因此，作為城市形態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)的行為，以及設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程獨(dú)特的城市形態(tài)應(yīng)導(dǎo)致身體獨(dú)特的地方出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)計(jì)劃。這些地方結(jié)果導(dǎo)致了獨(dú)特的地方可能是由一個(gè)地區(qū)的（一個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單的例子：獨(dú)特的屬性，通知所有建筑物可能包含類(lèi)似的建筑材料，或獨(dú)特的建筑形式或類(lèi)型），但在市區(qū)的空間創(chuàng)造這些建筑物之間應(yīng)該有兩個(gè)不同形式和功能。 設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)位 而不 是僅僅拉線了道路沿線拼圖拼圖住房，為一個(gè)新的住宅區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)者面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是建立在他們對(duì)一個(gè)地方的設(shè)計(jì)。將在計(jì)劃的性質(zhì)判斷相對(duì)其他地方。 .這點(diǎn)不是變成工料測(cè)量師的設(shè)計(jì)師，而是以 通知的設(shè)計(jì)師的心態(tài)，使他們的工作是不是商業(yè) .剩余價(jià)值是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的技術(shù)，可以將早期使用在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的發(fā)展計(jì)劃規(guī)劃，雖然其他的，更詳細(xì)和精確的技術(shù)也將用于由數(shù)量練習(xí)。but also by how you travel between regions,therefor,you may have a sense that you are leaving and entering different places,and the characteristics of urban areas will make a contribution to that feeling. However,within urban areas there are also distinctive places which result from how building,and other elements,have been bined together to create the urban places might be informed by the distinctive attributes of a region (a very simple example:all the buildings may contain a similar building material,or a distinctive type or form of building),but within the urban area the spaces created between these buildings should have a variety of both forms and you travelled through an urban area,therefor,you would experience the feeling that you are travelling between one place and the next. Urban environments that do not have this character are called placeless,and often the only way to fully appreciate the contribution that place makes to our lives is to spend time in placeless (1976,)defines placelessness as ? a weakening of the identity of places to the point where they not only look alike but feel alike and offer the same bland possibilities of experience. Placeslessness in residential environments results form: Road environments that have no direct relationship with the uses and activities along them Uniformity and standardisation within the built environment(figure ) The adoption of synthetic,nostalgic or inauthentic themes in the design of either buildings or urban spaces,which ultimately bee mon between different schemes. In his thinking about how to overe the blandness of urban development,gordon cullen(1961) argues simply for a recognition of both hereness and thereness in urban suggests that people should have a feeling of entering or leaving a variety of places as they pass through the urban you enter a distinctive,individually designed street or square,he argues,you will have a sense of hereness and ,by definition,the other distinctive streeta and squares will have an equally considered design(figure ). CREATE URBAN FORM Places result from the way that individual buildings are brought together to create urban and squares are types of urban form resulting from how individual buildings are brought together in the design,and just as we might carefully design an individual building,the form of a street or square,or the pattern of streets and squares that go together to make an entire scheme,should not be left to design could almost be defined,therefore ,as the act of designing urban form。that the public front of the homes should face the street and the private backs of the homes should face the private spaces(figure ),why this is so can be argued from the perspectives of either achieving outdoor privacy and security around the back,or creating a focus for public life within the public life within the public realm around the front. AROUND THE BACK:ACHIEVING OUTDOOR PRIVACY AND SECURITY The idea that homes should have a back space stems from the observation that privacy is a very important feature of the domestic realm,and that people can enjoy privacy both inside and outside the private garden is a direct result of this,although the balcony or the semiprivate shared gardens are good surrogates(figure ).if private gardens are to be built into a scheme then it makes sense to group them is so that the privacy between the homes is shared,and the gardens are secure. AROUND THE FRONT A FOCUS FOR PUBLIC LIFE WITHIN THE PUBLIC REALM The public realm of a residential area refers to the space that forms between the buildings which,although containing semipublic or seniprivate spaces,will tend to be dominated by the ings and goings of the public street work (figure ).despite the subtle variations in experience and expectation that such semipublic or semiprivate spaces