【正文】 （ e） market segmentation。 參考文獻(xiàn) [1]Arnott,R.,Rowse,J., of Urban Economics 45,97–124. [2]Axhausen,.,Polak,J., of parking:Stated preference 18,59–81. [3]Belobaba,., yield management airline yield management:An overview of seat inventory Science 21,66–73. [4]Brumelle,.,McGill,., seat allocation with multiple nested fare Research 41,127–137. [5]Cross,R., Books,New York. [6]Littlewood,K., and control of passengers :Proceedings of the 12th AGIFORS –117. [7]Polak,J.,Axhausen,., search behavior:A review of current research and future Studies Units,Working Paper 540,Oxford University. [8]Saltzman,., animated simulation model for analyzing onstreet parking 69,79–90. [9]Shoup,., trouble with minimum parking Research 33A,549–574. [10]Steiner,., generation and parking requirements in traditional shopping Research Records 1617,28–37. [11]Tam,.,Lam,., car ownership under constraints of road capacity and parking Research 34A,145–170. [12]Teodorovi′c,D.,Vukadinovi′c,K.,?c Control and Transport Planning:A Fuzzy Sets and Neural Networks Approach. Kluwer Academic Publishers,Boston/Dordrecht/London. [13]Teodorovi′c,D.,Popovi′c,J.,Pavkovi′c,G.,Kikuchi,S., airline seat inventory control Planning and Technology 25,155–173. [14]Thompson,.,Richardson,., parking search Research 33A,159–170. [15]Van der Goot,D., model to describe the choice of parking Research 16A,109–155. [16]Verhoef,E.,Nijkamp,P.,Rietveld,P., economics of regulatory parking policies:The(im)possibilities of parking policies in traffc Research 29A,141–,W., theory and transport Economic Review 59,251–260. [17]Vickrey,W., to the Joint Committee on Washington DC,Metropolitan of Urban Economics 36,42–65. [18]Wang,.,Mendel,., fuzzy rules by learning from Transactions on Systems,Man and Cyberics 22,1414–1427. [19]Waterson,.,Hounsell,.,Chatterjee,K., the potential savings in travel time resulting from parking guidance systems—a simulation case of the Operational Research Society 10,1067–1077. [20]Wong,.,Tong,.,Lam,.,Fung,., of parking demand models in Hong of Urban Planning and development—ASCE 126,55–74. [21]Young,W.,Taylor,.,Thompson,.,Ker,I.,Foster,J.,:A software package for the evaluation of parking systems in central Engineering and Control 32,186–193. [22]Young,W.,Thompson,.,Taylor,., review of urban parking Reviews 11,63–84. [23]′,′/European Journal of Operational Research 175(2021)1666–1681 1681 附件 2：外文原文 （復(fù)印件） Intelligent parking systems Abstract The basic concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are discussed in this proposed＂intelligent＂ parking space inventory control system that is based on a bination of fuzzy logic and integer programming techniques makes＂on line＂ decisions whether to accept or reject a new drivers request for the first step of the proposed model,the best parking strategies are developed for many dfferent patterns of vehicle parking strategies are developed using integer programming the second step,learning from the best strategies,specific rules are uniqueness of the proposed approach is that the rules are derived from the set of chosen examples assuming that the future traffc arrival patterns are results were found to be close to the best solution assuming that the future arrival pattern is known. Keywords:Traffc。只是，停車需求的數(shù) 量刻畫了不同群體的司機(jī)，市場(chǎng)細(xì)分根據(jù)這種行為得到實(shí)施（定義 2,3 或者 10 種不同類型的司機(jī)或者停車位），同樣針對(duì)不同的停車類型有不同的停車費(fèi)。拒絕或接受司機(jī)停車的數(shù)量應(yīng)該作為顧客滿意程度的尺度。牢記“智能”系統(tǒng)在不確定的情況下在線運(yùn)行，就可認(rèn)為應(yīng)用智能停車位庫存控制系統(tǒng)將會(huì)達(dá)到好的結(jié)果。最后一欄 的 Xij代 表這個(gè)問題的整數(shù)規(guī)劃法解決。所有的例子有以下相似的數(shù)值：△t=300s。在過去的幾年，理論結(jié)果表明模糊邏輯系統(tǒng)是普遍相似的，這也解釋了為什么模糊邏輯系統(tǒng)在工程應(yīng)用中是多么成功。另一方面，相當(dāng)數(shù)量基于數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)的模糊系統(tǒng)正在生成。區(qū)分停車車位有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)。支付更高關(guān)稅的應(yīng)該是私人司機(jī)，長(zhǎng)期停車司機(jī)，沒有提前預(yù)定的司機(jī)。 4. 介紹停車收益管理系統(tǒng) 讓我們假設(shè)我們有停車預(yù)定系統(tǒng)。一個(gè)要在開會(huì)十五分鐘之前停車的商人比一個(gè)計(jì)劃和妻子一起步行穿越市中心，而提前四天預(yù)定停車位的退休人更愿意支付高額停車費(fèi)。稅收管理可以描述為在合適的時(shí)間合適的地點(diǎn)將合適的產(chǎn)品傳遞給合適的顧客的一組不同的科學(xué)的公司財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)技巧。任何停車定價(jià)策略的主要作用是在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)減少車輛的總數(shù)量，改變上下班族選擇交通模式和不同的停車場(chǎng)所。 在一些城市（麥迪遜、威廉康辛州）已經(jīng)有了 時(shí)變 停車費(fèi)，迫使上下班族開始轉(zhuǎn)變不同公共交通的選擇。 文章組織如下：第二節(jié)提出停車定價(jià)的問題，第三節(jié)對(duì)停車問題和其它工業(yè)進(jìn)行類比，在第四節(jié)介紹了停車收益管理系統(tǒng)，第五節(jié)介紹了智能停車空間的存車控制系統(tǒng)，第六部分介紹了能夠建立智能泊車位庫存控制系統(tǒng)模型的算法，第七節(jié)給出“智能”停車系統(tǒng)的結(jié)果和第八節(jié)提出了作為結(jié)束語和進(jìn)一步的研究方向。司機(jī)們很容易熟悉停車引導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)，而且大多數(shù)會(huì)信任和支持這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的幫助。計(jì)劃活動(dòng)的類型，一天中的那個(gè)時(shí)間，一星期中的那天，目前在特定線路的擁擠情況，城市街道的狀況和潛在的可用停車位都會(huì)對(duì)停車位搜索策略有重大的影響。第二步，從最好的策略中學(xué)習(xí)，定義具體的規(guī)則。所謂的“智能”停車廠是通過基于模糊邏輯技術(shù)和整數(shù)規(guī)劃技術(shù)組合的存車控制系統(tǒng)來“ 在線“決定是否接受或拒絕新司機(jī)要求停車。尋找一個(gè)空 的停車位是一個(gè)搜索過程的典型例子?？赏＼囄坏臄?shù)量信息可以顯示在主要道路、街道和十字路口，或者也可以通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)布。這種系統(tǒng)甚至可以幫助司機(jī)在開始他們的旅途前就找到空車位。毫無疑問，停車定價(jià)代表著一個(gè)重要的需求管理策略。西雅圖官方在市中心的倆個(gè)停車場(chǎng)為共乘車顯著降低了關(guān)稅。擁擠定價(jià)的想法主要關(guān)于道路（司機(jī)們支付使用快速私人車道，低占用車道支付高占用車道費(fèi)，在周一到周五進(jìn)入市中心支付更多）或者機(jī)場(chǎng)的運(yùn)營(yíng)（在高峰期更多的車道費(fèi)）。 ? 就像賓館的房間，或餐廳的椅子，停車位同樣需要機(jī)會(huì)賣出（顧客使用）。停車預(yù)定系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該和停車收益管理系統(tǒng)耦合。 預(yù)定系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該足夠靈活，容許一些車手即使沒有確認(rèn)預(yù)定也能找到一個(gè)空的車位。 讓我們假設(shè)我們有一些不同的停車關(guān)稅。 圖 1 不同關(guān)稅層停車庫存 5. 智能停車位庫存控制系統(tǒng) 這個(gè)問題的復(fù)雜性和不 同參數(shù)的不確定性使我們得出這樣一個(gè)結(jié)論：幾乎不可能有分析地解決這個(gè)問題。換句話說， 本文假設(shè)能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，它能及時(shí)識(shí)別每個(gè)司機(jī)在一定時(shí)間預(yù)定和退訂一定數(shù)量車位的情況特征。每一個(gè)模糊庫對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)關(guān)稅類。T2=＄ /來生 成車輛到來和服務(wù)（停車）時(shí)間。比較的結(jié)果顯示在表格 3 中和圖 2 中。確切的說，這種模型告訴每一個(gè)請(qǐng)求，要么：“是的，你可以進(jìn)入停車”，或者：“不，這個(gè)時(shí)間你不能停車”。 市場(chǎng)細(xì)分是這樣一種情況，不同的司機(jī)愿意為相同的東西付不同的價(jià)錢。 司機(jī)是否會(huì)接受停車預(yù)定系統(tǒng)和稅收管理系統(tǒng)是未知的。(b)that the parking fees should increase and/or decrease few times during a day. 3. Parking problems and revenue management systems：Analogies with some other industries Airline,industry,hotels,carrental,rail,cruise,healthcare,broadcastindustry,energy,industry,golf,equipment rental,restaurant,and other industries are utilizing revenue management concepts when sellingtheir management could be described as a group of different scientific techniques of managing the pany revenue when trying to deliver the right product to the right client at the right price at the right roots of the revenue management are in the airline basic characteristics of the industries to which different revenue management concepts were successfully applied are:（ a） variable demand over time。（ h） selling products in main characteristics of the park