農(nóng)大發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)講義-免費(fèi)閱讀
【正文】 :13:5408:13:54March 23, 2023 1意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 2023年 3月 上午 8時(shí) 13分 :13March 23, 2023 1少年十五二十時(shí)，步行奪得胡馬騎。 2023年 3月 23日星期四 8時(shí) 13分 54秒 08:13:5423 March 2023 1做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時(shí)，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。 that is to say, a set of favorable legal and institutional environments and not just accumulation or allocation of factors of production in markets Institutions are a set’ rules, enforcement characteristics of rules and norms of behavior that structure repeated human interactions. 強(qiáng)權(quán)國(guó)家理論、產(chǎn)權(quán)理論、尋租行為理論 the predatory state: the state as an . with a parative advantage in violence but can trade services for taxation revenue Douglas North 1981 Property rights： Ruttan and Hayami 1984 successful agri. Development requires laws which regulate property rights based on clear titles Rentseeking behavior: byproducts of public choice theory . Buchanan 1980 46 （二）新古典主義的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 Debt, deficit and structural adjustment 發(fā)展中國(guó)家的政府失靈 government failure in developing countries 結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和穩(wěn)定 structure adjustment and stability 市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的作用 the role of marketing system 47 （三）可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想 sustainable development 目標(biāo)：增強(qiáng)能滿足人類需求的當(dāng)前和未來的潛力； 本土發(fā)展、公平、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、人類其它愿望的和諧 過程：通過資源開發(fā)、投資選擇、技術(shù)發(fā)展選擇、 制度改變 48 （四）以人力資本為基礎(chǔ)的新增長(zhǎng)理論 Endogenous development: human capital revisited ? 人力資本理論對(duì)大多發(fā)展中國(guó)家無影響 ? 亞洲新工業(yè)化國(guó)家的教育創(chuàng)新 ? 投資于技能和企業(yè)家教育的理論應(yīng)該是優(yōu)先選擇 49 （五）綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展范式 Integrated Economic development Paradigm 背景：政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的全球化 ? Globalization of politics and economy 發(fā)展：一種社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型 傳統(tǒng)關(guān)系、傳統(tǒng)思維方式、傳統(tǒng)健康和教育途徑、傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)方法向更“現(xiàn)代”的方式轉(zhuǎn)變 Development: social transformation from traditional relationship, thinking approach, health and education approach to modern approach 50 與傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展范式的沖突 Conflicts paring with traditional paradigm ? 發(fā)展是與民主、分權(quán)相聯(lián)系的美好生活；好只是生活質(zhì)量，有不同定義；全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展并不意味著唯一的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的提高的結(jié)果 relating with democracy, decentralization ? 發(fā)展從個(gè)人層次開始；從沒有權(quán)利、脆弱、物質(zhì)匱乏、精神貧困、孤立，到賦權(quán)、安全、健康、富裕以及被關(guān)注 ? 發(fā)展中的學(xué)習(xí)與分享 Learning and sharing in development ? 多中心、自我組織 multicenter, selfanizing 51 成功的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中關(guān)鍵因素：擁有感和參與 Ownership and participation ? 有效的變化不能通過外部強(qiáng)加 endogenous incentive ? 發(fā)展的核心是思維方式的變化 change of thinking ? 社會(huì)資本極其重要，發(fā)展不僅是政府和援助者的事情 importance of social capital ? 制度、激勵(lì)、參與和擁有是一個(gè)整體 integration of institution, incentives, participation and ownership 52 經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略要素 Elements of strategy 資源：物質(zhì)資本、人力資本、自然資源 經(jīng)濟(jì)管理：政策的社會(huì)成本等要加以考慮 知識(shí)管理：知識(shí)與資本的相互補(bǔ)充 社會(huì)和組織資本：舊的社會(huì)資本的破壞和新的社會(huì)資本的建立 內(nèi)部形成 能力建設(shè)：易 提供人力資本、教育、技能、發(fā)展等所需知識(shí) 不易 社會(huì)資本發(fā)展，包括使社會(huì)良好運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的體制 53 發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的系統(tǒng)框架 Systematic frame 設(shè)立優(yōu)先序 priority setting 鼓勵(lì)合作：政府、私營(yíng)部門、公民社會(huì)之間 cooperation 考慮全球和區(qū)域環(huán)境：信息、市場(chǎng)、環(huán)境等 international environment 54 靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。 ?他的增長(zhǎng)方程： Y=C+V+M 社會(huì)總產(chǎn)品價(jià)值 =不變資本價(jià)值 +可變資本價(jià)值 +剩余價(jià)值 43 卡爾 31 劉易斯兩部門模型：勞動(dòng)力從傳統(tǒng)部門向現(xiàn)代工業(yè)部門的流動(dòng) Lewis twosector model most influential postwar dualistic theory of economic development Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor 1954 Rural sector: source of underdevelopment。 29 （五）二元經(jīng)濟(jì)：劉易斯兩部門模型 Economic Dualism: The Lewis Twosector Model 二元經(jīng)濟(jì)狀態(tài) Variants of Dualism 現(xiàn)代資本主義工業(yè)部門和傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)部門 the coexistence of ‘ traditional’ (indigenous=primitive) and ‘ modern’ (western=productive) techniques of production. Modern techniques are American or European, capitalintensive, labeled ‘ modern sector’ , in contrast to backward agriculture or rural sector technological dualism (traditional and American way) financial dualism (Hla Myint, 1971) anizational dualism (1985) 30 威廉 10 （二）羅斯托增長(zhǎng)理論 起飛理論 The Rostowian Stagesofgrowth Theory:Takeoff Theory 發(fā)展的線性歷史過程 Liner process of development （ 羅斯托， 1960《經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的階段 ——非共產(chǎn)黨宣言》 A Nonmunist Manifesto） The hearts and minds of the people of the Third World could be won over of American capitalism through a Marshall Plan type of foreign aid. The lesson of economic history, . Western experience… is that the tricks of growth are not that difficult Distinct time segments, characterized by
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