【正文】 With luck, we’ll be there by ，我們明天將到達那兒。 We’ll ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a ，我們就盡早裝貨。 Provided/Providing (that) you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow off. 如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。Unless ...結構︰Unless＋子句，主要子句說明︰此句型意為“除非…”。祈使句代替 if 子句進行評說，提出要求，訂立協(xié)議，提供建議或威脅等。 It is essential that he get up early. 他有必要早起。 His father ordered that he (should) keep a diary in English. 他的父親規(guī)定他要用英文寫日記。 If it had not been that he was here, I would have punished you. 要不是他在場，我當時就會處罰你。 Were it not for his help, I could not finish the ，我就不能完成這件工作。were 可以提前，省略 if，如例句3。 It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be. 他似乎是個萬事通。 The baby opened the book as if he were able to read. 這個嬰兒打開書本彷佛他會念書。 If only he had been here. 要是他當時在這兒就好了。 I wish he could tell us. 但愿他能告訴我們。 If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today. 如果十年前我有錢，今天我就能買下那棟房子了。 I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses. 若非我已經習慣了這樣的回答，我可能不敢輕易相信。 It is time for somebody to teach you to behave yourself. 該是有人教你應對進退之禮儀的時候了。 If I had binoculars, I could see that et clearly. 如果我有望遠鏡，我就可以清楚地看見那顆彗星。 If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like? 萬一太陽消失了，地球會變成什么樣子？ Were I to die tomorrow, what would my children do? 萬一明天我死了，我的孩子們將怎么辦呢？If I + Ved, I would ...結構︰If…＋過去式動詞…，主詞＋過去式助動詞（would／should 等）＋原形動詞說明︰這是與現在事實相反的假設句型。 If he should e, I would tell him the truth. 萬一他來，我會把真相告訴他。 Should you happen to see him, please give him my regards. 如果你萬一見到他，請代我向他致意。 If it is fine tomorrow, we must go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門必須出門。If + Present Tense ..., S + Modal Verb ...結構︰If + 現在式，主詞＋情態(tài)助動詞說明︰本句型實為If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...句型之變體。 If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. 如果我頭痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。但經常用于反語，有時也變成“即使…也沒關系”之意。Do you know if/where ...結構︰一般疑問句＋疑問詞（what／where／when 等）＋子句說明︰此句為雙重疑問句。口語中使用 if 較為普遍。 He inquired how it was done. 他問這事做得怎么樣了。這是選擇疑問句，前面都是一般疑問句，后面的問句如與前面有相同的部分，都可以省略。否定結構在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定結構。How did you do your work? I did my work happily.你怎樣做你的工作？ 我很快樂地做了我的工作。What year was he born in?結構︰What date／year＋was／were＋主詞＋born＋on／in？說明︰此句型意為“你出生于幾月幾日（那一年）？”。還可以寫作：“How much＋ be 動詞＋某物？。 How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn’t have any tea.) 他有多少茶？ 他有很多茶。（我沒有書。”該句型中，many 修飾復數名詞；又因本句型是 疑問句，故用 are there，不可用 there are。What day is today?結構︰問句：What day is today？ 答句：It’s＋Sunday／Monday／…。（不，她沒有一只貓。 What time is it? It is six o’clock. 現在是幾點鐘？現在是六點鐘。該句型中，疑問詞要用 how，不可用 what；且 be 動詞（am，is，are）要和后面的主詞(某人)配合；答句中的“year(s) old”可以省略。 Is Mary sleeping? 瑪麗正在睡覺嗎？ Are you reading a book? 你正在看書嗎？ Is the dog playing? 小狗正在玩耍嗎？What are you doing?結構︰問句：What＋am（are，is）＋主詞＋現在分詞？ 答句：主詞＋am（are，is）＋現在分詞…。 Who is that fat man? He is my uncle. 那位胖男子是誰？那位是我叔叔。說明︰“my，your，his，her”為單數人稱的所有格；所有格后面必接名詞，即“所有格＋名詞”；所有格不可與 a，an，this，that，these 或 those 緊接一起使用。說明︰在否定簡答句中，主詞和 am，is，are 可以縮寫；在肯定簡答句中則不可。What are you?結構︰問句：What＋be 動詞＋主詞（人）…？ 答句：主詞＋be 動詞＋a student…。 What is this? This is a chair. 這是什么？這是一張椅子。 What’s this? It’s a book. 這是什么？它是一本書。說明︰此句型意為“你是做什么事情的？我是學生…”。 Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.) 他是學生嗎？是的，他是。 What is your name? My name is Sue. 妳叫什么名字？我的名字叫蘇。Where is ...?結構︰問句：Where＋be 動詞（am，are，is）＋主詞…？ 答句：主詞＋be 動詞＋in the＋名詞…。說明︰“主詞（人）正在做什么？主詞（人）正在…”。 How old are you? I am twelve (years old). 你幾歲？我十二歲。 What time is it? It is nine o’clock. 現在是幾點鐘？現在是九點鐘。） Do they work in office? Yes, they do. (No, they don’t.) 他們在辦公室里工作嗎？是的，他們在辦公室里工作。說明︰此句型意為“今天是星期幾？今天是星期日／星期一／…。 How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year. 一年有幾個季節(jié)？ 一年有四季。） How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don’t have any sweaters.) 你有幾件毛衣？ 我有三件毛衣。（他沒有茶。 How much does this puter cost? (=How much is this puter?)這部計算機值多少錢？ How much do the vegetables cost? 這些蔬菜值多少錢？ How much do the movie tickets cost? 這些電影票值多少錢？Did ... V ...結構︰Did＋主詞＋原形動詞＋…過去時間？說明︰將肯定句中的過去式改為“Did＋原形動詞”，并將 Did 放在句首，句尾用問號，即構成過去式的疑問句。born 是原形動詞 bear 的過去分詞，在文法上當 形容詞，前面常有 was 或 were；中文說“某人出生”，英語應說：“某人＋was／were born…”。 How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly. 林太太怎樣注視林先生？ 她冷漠地注視林先生。對反意疑問句的回答和對否定式一般疑問句一樣，要看答句。Shall we e to see you or will you e to see us?是我們來找你們，還是你們來找我們？ Are you from the America or from the England? 您是美國人還是英國人？ Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday? 他是星期一走還是星期二走？ Would you like coffee or tea? 你是要咖啡還是茶？What ..., + A or B?結構︰特殊疑問句(讀降調)，＋A（讀升調）or B（讀降調）說明︰這種選擇疑問句使用得相當廣泛，其特點是：前面的特殊疑問句已經明確地指出了要問的內容，再補充幾項具體事物讓對方做出肯定的答復。 Please advise me which item I should buy. 請問我該先買哪個品種。如果子句中帶有 or not 等詞，則只能用 whether；另外，whether 不能引導否定的間接疑問句，而 if 則可以。疑問詞后面采用正常詞序，不用倒裝詞序。 What if it is true? 如果這是真的又該如何呢？ What if he doesn’t agree? 如果他不同意該怎么辦呢？ What if he es back now? 如果他現在回來怎么辦？ What if the boy’s parents should die? 如果那男孩的父母死了該怎么辦呢？ What if I fail! 即使我失敗了又怎樣！What ... for?結構︰What＋助動詞＋主詞＋動詞…＋for？說明︰此句型意為“為什么…？”。 If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨，我們將待在家里。之所以用情態(tài)助動詞，主要是因為說話者對可能的結果不是太肯定或者是想表達例如必要的意思。If I should ..., Imperative Sentence.結構︰If I＋should ...＋祈使語氣說明︰If + should + V代替if + 現在式，增加了條件的不確定性。 If you should write to her, send her my love. 如果你給她寫信，請代我向她問候。 If he should e, I will tell him the truth. 萬一他來，我一定會把真相告訴他。if 子句中的be動詞，不論主詞為第幾人稱，一律用 were，were 可置于主詞前面，而省略 if。It is time that ...結構︰It is（high）time＋（that）＋主詞＋過去式動詞說明︰此句型意為“已經到了…的時間了”。If I had Ved, I would have ...結構︰If…h(huán)ad＋過去分詞…，主詞＋would／should 等＋have＋過去分詞說明︰這是與過去事實相反的假設句型。 Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him