【正文】 在“ It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that…” 這類句型中， that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 “ (should)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事是“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意義。） ? If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t(couldn’t) have failed in the ，你就不會(huì)考試不及格。如： If you had e yesterday, you would have met that famous ，你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到那位著名的教授了。 ? c. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。 where D. which。 who B. which。有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)已用 that時(shí) As引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1。只宜用 that, 不用 who情況總總： 1）先行詞是 one, ones, anyone The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task should be punished. ? 2) 先行詞為 those時(shí)： ? Those who were not fit for their job could not see the beautiful clothes. ? 3) 先行詞帶有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)： ? I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who knows some Chinese. ? 4) 一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)用了 that引導(dǎo)時(shí)。 結(jié)構(gòu)四種 doing （ 主動(dòng) ） / done（ 被動(dòng) ） ? having done （ 主動(dòng) / having been done （ 被動(dòng) ） 例如 ? Being a student ,I must study hard. ? Since I’m a student, I must… While reading the book ,he nodded from time to time. While he was reading the book, he nodded… ? Not knowing much English ,I found it hard to understand him. ? Because I didn’t know much English, I… ? Not having received his letter ,I wrote another one. ? As I had not received his letter,I wrote… ? Time permitting, I will finish another lesson. ? If time permits, I will… ? Time permitting, 分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) . ?Written carefully, your position is still full of mistakes. ?Though it has been written carefully, your position… ?My car being repaired, I had to take a taxi. ?Because my car was being repaired, I had to… ? All the things considered, his proposal is of greater value than yours. ? If All the things are considered, his proposal is of greater value than yours. ? The old man sits in his garden, thinking about his past. ? Every day the old man sits in his garden and thinks about his past. ?不定式通常用作目的 ,結(jié)果 ,原因狀語(yǔ) . ? A special meeting was called to elect a new chairman. ? Infinitive used as adverbial ?常用 in order to。 exciting C. exciting 。 given C. Giving。 taken C. looked 。 followed C. following 。 ? admit to承認(rèn) contribute to捐助 、 貢獻(xiàn) ? get down to著手做 give way to讓位于 ? keep to 堅(jiān)持 、 遵守 lead to 導(dǎo)致 ? look forward to期待 turn to 求助于 ? stick to堅(jiān)持 be equal to 勝任的 、 等于 ? point to指向 、 表明 see to 注意 、 處理 ? be used to 習(xí)慣于 devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于 ? be familiar to 為 ……熟悉 ? 高中階段有一些固定的 ing分詞短語(yǔ) ， 如 ? generally speaking（ 一般來(lái)說(shuō) ） , ? judging from…（ 根據(jù) ……來(lái)判斷 ） , ? considering…（ 考慮到 ……） , ? talking of…（ 談到 ……， 提到 ……） 等 ， ? 從他的口音看他一定來(lái)自加拿大 。 ? They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. ? 年輕人跟在老人的后面開(kāi)始慢慢地走起來(lái)。 ? ① ing分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ， 有時(shí)可由連詞 when, while引出 。 No matter wh只引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句 Whever可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，亦可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 no sooner than, hardly…when…,scarcely…when…。 smell 。再如： The bike needs ( wants ) repairing ( = to be repaired ) . 自行車需要修理了。如上述句 1句 2。主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 一、介詞形式，被動(dòng)意義 This new railway is still under construction . 介詞 under構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，如果它的賓語(yǔ)是表示動(dòng)作的名詞，通常含有被動(dòng)意義，意為“在 …… 過(guò)程中”。能帶主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的不定式而表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的形容詞常見(jiàn)的有： easy、 difficult、 heavy、 hard、nice、 bitter、 dangerous、 light、 fit、 interesting、 important、 expensive、fortable、 pleasant、 impossible 等。 (三 ) worth后跟動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)，但是不跟不定式的被動(dòng)。 sound 。 each/every time。 比較狀語(yǔ)從句 ? 1。 如： ? 他一邊看書 ， 一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭 。 ? Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. ? ? ⑤ ing分詞間或也可作 條件 狀語(yǔ)和 讓步 狀語(yǔ) ? A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small. ? 一個(gè)人如站在大山的腳下會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小 。 ? Judging from his accent, he must e from Canada. ? 考慮到他是如此可愛(ài)，我們決定讓他免費(fèi)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。 followed D. followed 。 took D. looking 。 giving D. Given。 exciting D. excited 。 so as to 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ) . ? Some shops in England have long hours before Christmas in order to attract customers ? He opened the door only to find that his house had been broken into. ?不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用于 too…to。 ? The boy that you met last night is the monitor who studies hard. ? 4）在 there be開(kāi)頭的句子中： ? There is an old man who wants to see you. 只用 that，不用 which ? ： ? Thes is the best that has been used against pollution. ? 2。 Such..as…, the same…as… 結(jié)構(gòu)中： We have found such materials as are used in their factory. This is the same thing as we are in need of. 4. as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如 be known， be said， be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用 which作主語(yǔ)。 that。 where B A 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ? 一．語(yǔ)氣的定義和種類。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the 一只小鳥(niǎo)，我就能在空中飛行。（隱含的事實(shí)是：你昨天沒(méi)來(lái)，也沒(méi)見(jiàn)到那位著名教授）。（事實(shí)上你根本沒(méi)聽(tīng)我的。如： It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English. 重要的是每個(gè)北京人能說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 ? 1 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法。（事實(shí)上我昨天不知道你的電話號(hào)碼。 ? 如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。 Don’t fet to turn off the 。 where C. that。 that。關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)： ? This is the hotel in which you will stay. ? 3。 hearing A C ? 10. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____on a big rock by the side of the path. ? A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest ? 11. It was so cold that they kept the fire ____all night. ? A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned C C 定語(yǔ)從句 ? 術(shù)語(yǔ)：先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞，關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞 ? 分類：限制性，非限制性 定 語(yǔ) 從 句 定語(yǔ)從句的相關(guān)概念 關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法 that和 which用法的區(qū)別 as和 which用法的區(qū)別 關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定 ： 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句 ： 被修飾的名詞或代詞 關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞 ： 關(guān)系代詞： 關(guān)系副詞： when, where, why等 who, whom, whose, which, that等 定語(yǔ)從句的相關(guān)概念 指代 所做成分 是否可省略 that 人；物 主語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ)可省 which 物 主語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ)可省 who 人 主語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ)可省 whom 人 賓語(yǔ) 可省 whose 人；物 定語(yǔ) 不可省 關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞的用法 指代 所做成分 是否可省略 when 時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ) 否 where 地點(diǎn) 狀語(yǔ) 否 why 原因 狀語(yǔ) 否 關(guān)系副詞 定語(yǔ)從句 ?