【正文】 en if ,even though從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)表過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在，將來(lái)。 表倍數(shù)的句型 ? 1 數(shù)詞 +times/half/quarter等 +as…as: ? The book is half as thick as that one. 2 …times/half…+ 名 /代 +of +B: The age of my grandpa is 3 times the age/that of mine. 3 …times/half + 比較級(jí) +than…. The hole is 3 times deeper than that one. The hole is 4 times as deep as that one. The hole is 4 times the depth of that one. 冠詞 ? 冠詞的本質(zhì)在于：說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為聽(tīng)話者對(duì)某事物是否確知。 His speech is quite perfect. The two brothers are quite different in character. 4) 表頭銜，稱號(hào)，職稱 (不是職業(yè) )的名詞前不加冠詞，特別是作表語(yǔ)或 as的介賓表獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜時(shí)： He succeeded Patton as mander in chief. Maybe I can act as spokesman. ? She served as a model for the pany. ? He had no success as a teacher. 在 elect ,turn之后，概不用冠詞： He turned professor years later. Bush was elected Present of the USA. 5). a/an+最高級(jí) This is a most useful book. He told me a most amusing story. Most在這是強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于 very, extremely. 注意： most+形 +， most是最高級(jí)還是強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)？ ? She was most rude to me. ? You are most convincing(具有說(shuō)服力的 ). ? They are most hardworking students. ? Here are some most different characteristics. ? 另： mostly主要地，大部分地： ? Students below 7 mostly use pencils to write with. football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 分詞作狀語(yǔ) 4. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied ? 5) ing分詞做 狀 語(yǔ)： ? ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示 時(shí)間 、 原因 、 結(jié)果 、條件 、 讓步 、 方式或伴隨情況 等 。 ? Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. ? ② ing分詞短語(yǔ)作 原因狀語(yǔ) ， ? Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. ? 因?yàn)榉浅＜?dòng) ， 那晚我們?cè)S多人都沒(méi)睡著 。 如： ? 他們?cè)谀莾赫玖税胄r(shí) ， 觀察著天上的星星 。 ? Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. ? 注： ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) ， 它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ) 。 ? Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. ? 高中階段能接 ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞： ? mind suggest enjoy admit ? appreciate avoid delay dislike ? escape finish five imagine ? keep miss practise ? risk consider ? 常見(jiàn)的帶介詞 to的短語(yǔ) ， 后接 ing或名詞 。 tired B. tired 。 following B. followed 。 seen B. Seen 。 taken B. looking 。 stolen B. laying。 given B. Given。 being held B. Held 。 excited B. excited 。 ? 1。 ? 3。so …as to 句型 . ? Would you be so kind as to carry this bag for me? ? This passage is too long for me to learn by heart. ? Would you be kind enough to shut the door? ? 不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)于系表結(jié)構(gòu)句型 ,表示人的情緒的形容詞后邊 . ? Mary is always pleased to be invited to sing at the party. ? I am so glad to have an opportunity to work with you. ? She felt sad to have lost such a good job. ? He was surprised to see that everything in his room was gone. ? Exercises: ? 1. ____ a reply, he decided to write again. (MET92 39) ? A. Not receiving B. Receiving not ? C. Not having received D. Having not received ? 2 .___from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine whether he goes. ? A. Suffered B Suffering C Having suffered D Being suffered C C ? 3. European football is played in 80 countries, ___ it the most popular sport in the world. ? A. making B. makes C. made D. to make ? 4. ____ down the radio the baby’s asleep in the next room. ? (MET93 24) ? A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn A D ? 5. 3. Unless ___ to speak， you should remain silent at the conference． ? A． invited B． inviting C． being invited D． having invited (‘03上春 ) ? 6. 2. It ’s a pay day and they are waiting____. ? A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid ? 7. To master a foreign language,______. ? A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice ? C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice A D D ? 8. ____ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. ? sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept ? 9. ____ a letter from her parents, Lily is now looking ? forward to ___ from them. ? not received。 hearing A C ? 10. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____on a big rock by the side of the path. ? A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest ? 11. It was so cold that they kept the fire ____all night. ? A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned C C 定語(yǔ)從句 ? 術(shù)語(yǔ)：先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞，關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞 ? 分類：限制性，非限制性 定 語(yǔ) 從 句 定語(yǔ)從句的相關(guān)概念 關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法 that和 which用法的區(qū)別 as和 which用法的區(qū)別 關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定 ： 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句 ： 被修飾的名詞或代詞 關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞 ： 關(guān)系代詞： 關(guān)系副詞： when, where, why等 who, whom, whose, which, that等 定語(yǔ)從句的相關(guān)概念 指代 所做成分 是否可省略 that 人；物 主語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ)可省 which 物 主語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ)可省 who 人 主語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ)可省 whom 人 賓語(yǔ) 可省 whose 人；物 定語(yǔ) 不可省 關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞的用法 指代 所做成分 是否可省略 when 時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ) 否 where 地點(diǎn) 狀語(yǔ) 否 why 原因 狀語(yǔ) 否 關(guān)系副詞 定語(yǔ)從句 ? 術(shù)語(yǔ)：先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞，關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞 ? 分類：限制性，非限制性 難點(diǎn)講解 1。主句有疑問(wèn)詞 who或 which時(shí)： ? Which is the bike that you lost? ? 4. 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)： ? The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. ? 5。關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)