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(2)選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)方便的位置建設(shè)陸—島通道,并布置各類工藝管道和輔助工藝管道。以高起點(diǎn)規(guī)劃,最大限度地利用珍貴海港資源,實(shí)施科學(xué)開發(fā)。因此,必須本著實(shí)事求是的態(tài)度,通過實(shí)踐加以驗(yàn)證。第四,洋口港的陸域疏港體系,特別是鐵路和高速公路建設(shè),已逐步成為可能。(4)港口城市,以如東縣城至洋口港址間約500平方公里規(guī)劃建設(shè)工業(yè)園區(qū)、農(nóng)業(yè)種植園區(qū)、服務(wù)業(yè)區(qū)、生態(tài)旅游區(qū)、風(fēng)電場區(qū)、海產(chǎn)品加工區(qū)等,用1015年時(shí)間建成擁有80100萬人口的港口城市。具體思路是:開發(fā)利用洋口港這一珍貴深水海港資源,建設(shè)國際一流深水海港,以此為依托,建成新型港口城市體系,以港口城市體系輻射和服務(wù)腹地經(jīng)濟(jì),以腹地經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮促進(jìn)港口城市體系的健康快速發(fā)展,使洋口港真正走向世界。這樣,通過洋口港與連云港兩點(diǎn)一線,發(fā)展江蘇沿海旅游業(yè),將各風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)與資源整合,可以形成一條與沿海工業(yè)帶相映成趣、交相輝映的沿海旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)帶。建設(shè)洋口港,則停泊船型增大,運(yùn)輸用批量的船泊減少,縮短貨物在途費(fèi)用的占用,大大減少貨物占用資金利息9763萬元。(2)通用碼頭的營運(yùn)收入和總成本本項(xiàng)目達(dá)產(chǎn)年金屬礦石和煤炭年總收入39300萬元,基本投資方案總成本費(fèi)用21032萬元,考慮到有些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施可以為今后續(xù)建工程服務(wù),由一個(gè)項(xiàng)目承擔(dān)不太合理,因此需扣除部分基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資。二、洋口港開發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益理想洋口港這一優(yōu)良處女港的開發(fā)投資巨大,按總體規(guī)劃其第一期投資規(guī)模約27億元,效益評(píng)價(jià)如下:投資估算洋口港投資估算由五個(gè)方面組成:序號(hào)項(xiàng) 目規(guī)劃規(guī)模其中:一期工程1臨港開發(fā)區(qū)45 km210km22人工島 km23島陸通道12km12km4碼 頭810個(gè)1個(gè)(通用碼頭)5棧 橋其一期投資估算如下:臨海工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)一期圍墾10 km2,工程投資22000萬元。到時(shí)洋口港可以真正成為江蘇的出???。這樣的運(yùn)輸有著很大的成本優(yōu)勢(shì)。在這個(gè)內(nèi)河航道網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,蘇北京杭運(yùn)河、通榆運(yùn)河是兩條最重要的骨干航道。同時(shí),隨著長三角地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長,“主要港口中有相當(dāng)一部分港口的集裝箱碼頭處于超負(fù)荷運(yùn)作狀態(tài),沿海港口航道水深還不能適應(yīng)船舶大型化的要求,不能適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì)和中國加入WTO后航運(yùn)發(fā)展的需要。瀕江而臨海,建成后的洋口港將兼有河港與海港兩者的優(yōu)點(diǎn),一方面位于深入內(nèi)陸腹地有巨大貨流的水路入海處;另一方面又具有和海外通航,發(fā)展外貿(mào)的便利。洋口港除具備建設(shè)深水大港的基本自然條件外還具有幾個(gè)獨(dú)特的基礎(chǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì)。與南翼寧波港的關(guān)系,應(yīng)該是不同腹地、不同運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)和不同港口功能之間的互補(bǔ)關(guān)系。區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的“捷徑”在于相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。江蘇面臨著對(duì)長江港口進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、資源整合的艱難任務(wù)。由于航班少,不能發(fā)揮規(guī)模優(yōu)勢(shì),已經(jīng)開辟的少量航線也基本上處于虧損狀態(tài)。成為世界第三大港,其中集裝箱吞吐量為634萬標(biāo)箱,位列世界五強(qiáng),2002年已超過850萬萬標(biāo)箱。因此,合理布局我國沿海集裝箱港口,盡快形成長江三角洲地區(qū)集裝箱樞紐港是非常迫切和必要的。國外跨國公司的資本一旦進(jìn)入,將為長江北岸地區(qū)順利接納長江南岸蘇南地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)移提供資金上和技術(shù)上的支持,產(chǎn)業(yè)的跨江融合得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。洋口港是江蘇的深水港,長江下游港口中大部分也在江蘇境內(nèi),且功能與洋口港互為補(bǔ)充。更重要的是,兩港的分工合作,將使江蘇在開發(fā)沿海方面真正有所作為。在海洋運(yùn)輸?shù)姆止し矫?,洋口港與連云港未來的發(fā)展重點(diǎn)都是集裝箱運(yùn)輸。隨著洋口深水海港的開發(fā),江蘇在國家“井”字型開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略框架中,將擁有兩個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn):一是隴?!m新線與沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的交匯點(diǎn),這一結(jié)點(diǎn)是連云港;另一個(gè)就是沿江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶與沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的交匯點(diǎn),這一結(jié)點(diǎn)在江蘇境內(nèi)就是洋口港。據(jù)資料介紹,香港港航產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)其GDP增加值的貢獻(xiàn)率超過20%,深圳的這一比例也大于10%。同樣重要的是,洋口港的開發(fā)也將改變江蘇海洋運(yùn)輸落后的局面,大大有利于沿海發(fā)展外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)。與此相反,沿海兄弟省市的海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭迅猛。其一,外向型扇面,即以它的國際航道為網(wǎng)絡(luò),把自己納入了全球性社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序之中。隨著大量人口的集中,它必然集結(jié)大量工業(yè)、信息傳播以及各種社會(huì)的和政治的機(jī)構(gòu),成為經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化中心和交通樞紐。在江蘇港口業(yè)中,沒有深水海港,海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)無以立足,要想讓江蘇經(jīng)濟(jì)始終處于強(qiáng)省地位,居全國前列,必須有自己的出海大通道,江蘇應(yīng)該要有一個(gè)深水海港,才能發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)。這對(duì)于沒有深水海港的地區(qū)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展的沖擊力將是巨大的。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化已經(jīng)而且必然將繼續(xù)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一種潮流??v觀江蘇經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展史,由隋唐起始的運(yùn)河經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮持續(xù)到現(xiàn)代的長江經(jīng)濟(jì)的高漲,說明具有資源配置功能的港口和水運(yùn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的核心作用,但隨著我國加入WTO和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì),河運(yùn)和江港在資源配置功能方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)日趨受到挑戰(zhàn),成為江蘇經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)、快速發(fā)展所面臨的新課題。江蘇海岸外自然條件近20年的研究成果表明,古長江三萬年前自東臺(tái)縣境內(nèi)入海,輻射沙洲區(qū)是古長江入海的三角洲,近1萬年來由于海平面上升而淹沒在水下。洋口深水海港的開發(fā)建設(shè)將遵照“尊重科學(xué),統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃,政府推動(dòng)、市場運(yùn)作、企業(yè)經(jīng)營”的原則,按照“高點(diǎn)規(guī)劃、分步實(shí)施,項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)、整體推進(jìn)”的總體思路來進(jìn)行。以洋口港為龍頭的江蘇港口與洋山港和寧波港組成功能、優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)的“一中心兩翼”的組合港格局有利于上海國際航運(yùn)中心參與國際港口市場競爭。通過洋口港的開發(fā),將深水海港資源與長江黃金水道資源結(jié)合起來,以政府力量推動(dòng)和市場力量拉動(dòng),組建江港和海港的協(xié)作體,大規(guī)模開展江海聯(lián)運(yùn)。江蘇港口業(yè)面臨來自兩個(gè)方面的挑戰(zhàn):一是外部的國際樞紐港的競爭和外國港口航運(yùn)業(yè)在中國的擴(kuò)張;二是國內(nèi)港口運(yùn)輸市場競爭和本省港口局部落后現(xiàn)狀與現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展要求的矛盾。隨著我國加入WTO,沿海港口將融入全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的第一線,在對(duì)外高度開放的發(fā)展環(huán)境中的窗口作用更加明顯。洋口港的開發(fā)建設(shè),同時(shí)也是江蘇沿江經(jīng)濟(jì)的延伸和提升,通過江海聯(lián)動(dòng),發(fā)展沿江沿海兩個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)帶,加速蘇東經(jīng)濟(jì)融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)體系、參與國際分工的步伐,使蘇東地區(qū)成為江蘇經(jīng)濟(jì)重要的增長極,并帶動(dòng)整個(gè)蘇中、蘇北乃至全省經(jīng)濟(jì)總量的有效放大,進(jìn)而跨江融合,推動(dòng)南北共進(jìn)、整體發(fā)展,確保江蘇在全國的強(qiáng)勢(shì)地位。洋口港的開發(fā)有利于江蘇一翼的港口發(fā)展壯大,參與長三角地區(qū)各港口的競爭與合作,參與上海國際航運(yùn)中心的建設(shè)。二是洋口港處于我國沿?!包S金海岸”和沿江“黃金水道”“T”型經(jīng)濟(jì)帶交匯處,位于上海經(jīng)濟(jì)圈輻射范圍之內(nèi)。 shipping industry, and secondly, facing market petition from internal port traffic in addition to the port development in certain area of our province can’t meet the requirements of modernized development. Without the support of deepwater port in Jiangsu, it is impossible for Jiangsu to list as outstanding province. Jiangsu should construct its own launchingout mage path, and its own deepwater port. The conformity of Jiangsu port economy is imperative under the situation, which offers the opportunity for development of Yangkou port. As the only deepwater resource, which have not yet been developed, in central part of the coast in China. The development and construction of Yangkou Port makes the “Golden Channel” of the Yangtze River extend to the “Golden Coast” with its connection point of linking up the River and the Sea. The longest launchingout and landing passage will thus e into being, which lays the firm foundation for the new round development of ocean marine economy in Jiangsu. The development and construction of Yangkou Port is the extension and the promotion of the economy along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu. The two economic belt will be formed with the linkage of the River and the Sea, which will speed up economy in Jiangsu to merge into the international economic system, and speed up the pace of international division of labor, and enable the East Jiangsu to bee an important growth pole in economic development, and bring along the effective amplification in the gross economy of Jiangsu, and thus form the status of amalgamation of the River and the Sea, and impulse the integral development both in north and south Jiangsu and ensure Jiangsu ranking in outstanding status all over the country. The requirements of the port layout in the Yangtze River Delta and the instant development of market demand will offer a great environment for the development of Yangkou. The superiority of Yangkou Port in the riversea linkage will probably bee the key factor of port adjustment in the area of Yangtze River. With the development of Yangkou Port, the bination of deepwater resource and the golden channel of Yangtze River will form the outside manufacture of river port and seaport with the aid of government to expand riversea through transport. Thus, under the unified planning operational precondition, it gives not only the superiority in the ability to dock giant ship but also superiority over wide Changjiang River’s natural navigable waterway and linking to inland areas. The river channel could meet the needs of transport demand in expanding the hinterland in portside area. In this plementation, the ports along Yangtze River could develop their respective relative potency. The development of Yangkou Port will be helpful for the port development of Jiangsu to participate in the petition and cooperation of the port in the Yangtze River Delta and participate in the construction of Shanghai international shipping center. Yangkou port has the relative advantage which not only has created environment to develop itself but also brought lots of business opportunity for other ports on the basis of port resource conformity in Jiangsu. Yangkou Port will promote the development of ports in Jiangsu. The unfavorable c