【正文】
和神經母細胞瘤一樣,起源于神經脊。 神經母細胞瘤臨床一般無癥狀,除非侵犯或壓迫臨近組織,轉移或其他。 一般為雙側,也可單側。壞死能夠引起 T2WI高信號。腎上腺皮質增生信號和正常腎上腺相近,在 outofphase上信號減低(尤其是在呈腺瘤樣結節(jié)患者上)。 表現為具有薄壁的 T1WI低信號 T2WI高信號,沒有軟組織成分,沒有強化。占腎上腺囊腫約 40%。 3)髓樣成分為主型:相對于肝臟, T1WI低信號, T2WI高信號,增強有強化。亞急性期, T1WI高信號, T2WI開始低信號,隨后呈高信號。 四:含脂肪腎上腺腫塊 Fatcontaining Adrenal Masses Fatcontaining adrenal masses can be classified into two main types: those that contain intracellular fat (eg, adenoma) and those with macroscopic fat (eg, myelolipoma). Adrenal masses that contain intracellular fat have been shown to lose signal intensity on chemical shift outofphase images pared with inphase images owing to the presence of intracellular lipid. Adrenal lesions that contain macroscopic fat demonstrate a loss of signal intensity on fatsaturated images. A loss of signal intensity at chemical shift imaging can be seen at fatwater interfaces, typically at the borders of such lesions 含脂肪腎上腺腫塊分為兩類:細胞內脂質(如腺瘤),肉眼可見脂肪 (如髓樣脂肪瘤)。髓質內的小靜脈匯合成一條中央靜脈,最后匯入腎上腺靜脈,右側直接引入下腔靜脈,左側先與膈下靜脈會合,爾后引入左腎靜脈。成人的每側腎上腺重 4~ 5g。腎上腺表面包以結締組織被膜,少量結締組織伴隨血管和神經伸入腺實質內。 Figure 2. Photomicrograph (original magnification, 40。 含細胞內脂肪的腎上腺腫塊在化學位移成像 outofphase上信號減低,含肉眼可見脂肪的腎上腺腫塊在脂肪飽和成像序列上信號減低。慢性出血均為低信號。 髓樣脂肪瘤可以很大,并有癥狀,可以繼發(fā)出血。單純囊腫 T1WI低信號 T2WI高信號,沒有軟組織成分,沒有強化。 Figure 10. Coronal T1weighted, threedimensional, GRE MR image obtained with VIBE shows a lymphangioma, which has the typical appearance of a wellcircumscribed area of low signal intensity. Photograph of the specimen shows the thinwalled lymphangioma. 六,富血供病變 嗜鉻細胞瘤,起源于腎上腺髓質嗜鉻細胞,沒有胞漿內脂質成分,所以在 GRE化學位移成像 outofphase上信號不減低,大部分嗜鉻細胞瘤在 T2WI上呈 高信號(“燈泡征”),但是不能作為診斷或排除嗜鉻細胞瘤的特征。兩側腎上腺皮質增生占 Cushing綜合癥的45% ,結節(jié)性腎上腺皮質增生僅占 3% 。 腎上腺皮質腺癌可以有點狀細胞內脂肪,在 outofphase上信號減低。 MRI T1WI上低信號和 T2WI上高信號。 神經母細胞瘤 T1WI上不均勻低信號和 T2WI上不均勻高信號。 節(jié)細胞神經母細胞瘤 T1WI上中等信號和 T2WI上不均勻高信號。 Figure 17. (a, b) Coronal unenhanced T1weighted MR image and axial T2weighted MR image obtained with inversion recovery show a right adrenal tumor. The tumor is predominantly hypointense on the