【正文】 Peter has been in China for a long time. I’ve been here for 2 hours/since 2 hours ago. (此短語省略了 in) ： all (of) the land / all (of) the class / all (of) the students?【 all 在定冠詞 the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole area?【 whole 在定冠詞 the 后】 bit / a little 區(qū)別 ：都可作副詞，后直接加形容詞和副詞。 boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / the Teachers’ Day / the Children’s Day “復(fù)數(shù) + ’ s ”作定語，譯為“?的?” ’s Day / Mother’s Day 此處“單數(shù) + ’s ”作定語。另一用法見 45。 The baby can speak now. There is something wrong with his throat, he can’t speak. “演講，發(fā)言” Who will speak , , in the meeting? “說”可作及物 動詞。） 也可在名詞前作 定語 ： a lonely person 一位孤獨(dú)的人 a lonely village 一個(gè)偏僻的村莊 （ alone 不可作定語） to與 be: This suit belongs to me /Lucy /my brother. (人 ) This suit is mine /Lucy’s /my brother’s /hers. （某物是 某人的 ） ： 1“通過 ”I study English by memorizing grammar. You can know it by looking it up in a dictionary. He travels by bike. 2.“截止到 ”Will you finish the task by tomorrow? The train had left by the time he got there. 3.“被 ”This novel was written by Lu Xun. 4.“經(jīng)過 ”He passed by me without noticing me. 5.“在 …… 旁邊 ”Sit by me. They are playing by the river. in的短語 ： in English, in a good way, in a hurry, in pen / ink (見 105), in the day(見 92), in different sizes, in different shapes, in a difficult situation， in good health, in a red coat / in red(見 46), in style, in the open air(露天場所 ) ： ： much/many→more→most bad/badly/ill→ worse→worst far→farther/further→far thest/furthest little→ less→least few→fewer→fewest old→ older/elder→oldest/eldest 以 ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞常把 ly 換成 lier/liest. 2 常見比較級 /最高級句型： He runs faster than me. (有 than) He did better than any other student in the school. (參照 48) Tom is the cleverest boy in his class. (某個(gè)范圍內(nèi) ) 13 He is the taller of the two (boys). (兩者，此句型中加 the) He is the tallest of the three (boys). (三者 ) Which is better, tea or milk? (兩者選擇 ) Which is the best, tea, milk or water? (三者選擇 ) It’s the second longest river in China. （序數(shù)詞后用最高級。 The old woman is alone in the house. 那位老婦一個(gè)人在屋里。 ) He went out He went out of the house early. much, too many與 much too: much too“過于”，加形容詞或副詞原級。 How often do you watch TV? Every two days. / Twice a week. 【若只有次數(shù)，則用 how many times 提問： How many times do you watch TV a week? Twice. / only once.】 3..how soon 是對“ in + 時(shí)間段 ”提問： How soon will you return to Beijing? In a week./ In two days. 4..how far是對 時(shí)間段’ s + walk/ride/drive 或計(jì)量表達(dá)提問。 cup 是單數(shù)。 You should put on your coat when you leave. ,“穿，穿著”后接物，表狀態(tài)，是延續(xù)性動詞。 both/either/neither 兩者中“都” /“任何一個(gè) ”/“沒有一個(gè) ” ：數(shù)量 +單位 +形容詞。 How long may I keep this novel? I’ve lived here since 2020. Let’s wait until he es back.. 但否定句中可用短暫性動詞： I haven’t seen you for a long time. : boys/All of the boys are from China. all 接可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)。 It is used to cut things. be used to 譯為“習(xí)慣于?”，后接動詞 ing 或名詞 /代詞 . 如： He’s used to working late. / We are all used to following others. be used for + 目的（名詞或動詞 ing）如： English is used for business./Knives are used for cutting things. 38. through/past/across: 都可作介詞，“穿過”前常有位移動詞。 ： 1so + be/情態(tài)動詞 /助動詞 +主語， “… 也 ” 上下文所指不是同一個(gè)人或物。 There is the door bell, it must be Tom. may / might“也許” 一般用于 肯定句 ， may 比 might 可能性大。 Is everybody here？ No， Tom and Lucy have asked for leave. The glass was broken, and the water went everywhere. ： 八個(gè)時(shí)態(tài) ：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (am/is/are + )、一般將來時(shí) (will/shall/be going to+動詞原形 )、一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) (was/were +)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (have/has + v. 過去分詞 )、過去完成時(shí) (had + v. 過去分詞 )、過去將來時(shí) (would + v. 原形 ) 六個(gè)形式 ：原形；過去式；過去分詞；第三人稱單數(shù) (加 s/es)；現(xiàn)在分詞 ()；帶 to 不定式。 take off/away。 work out。 try out/on。 a little“一些；一點(diǎn) ”也是肯定詞，加不可數(shù)名詞。 also, 通常挨著動詞 ，少用于句尾。 the ing boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road, the boy ing in the corner (正進(jìn)行 ) a sitting room, the sleeping car, the bathing suit (功能 ) ed與動詞 ing 作形容詞用法之二 ：和心理感受有關(guān)，但 ed 修飾人， ing 常修飾物。 即后接 sb + sth. 4 其中 pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等可接 sth + to sb. buy, build 等可接 sth + for sb. 另外，若 sth 是代詞時(shí)，不用雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。 (代替賓從 ) 賓補(bǔ)有以下情況： ， John found his son a clever boy. ， Mrs. Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy. to 不定式， I found it hard to fool the girl. 3 like/want/feel like: would like，和 want 類似： ◇ 都可接名詞短語： I would like/ want another three desks. ◇ 都可接帶 to 不定式： I would like/ want to go out for a walk. ◇ 都可接 sb,然后再跟帶 to 不定式 :I would like you to give me a hand. feel like: ◇ 后也可接名詞短語： Do you feel like some tea? ◇后若接動詞，須用動詞 ing 形式： Do you feel like having a walk? I don’t feel like drinking tea.【 feel like 常用于疑問句或否定句中。 She is a girl who/that is beautiful and kindhearted. She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well. That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. (所屬 ) The girl whois tall is my sister. / I own a bike whose price is high. I bought a watch (which/that) I paid 100 yuan for. （指物） I prefer a place which/that is clean and quiet. I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life. （在這兒） 2 I shall never fet the day whena boy helped me find my dog. 和 hope: wish 可接 to do sth. /sb to do sth. /that 從句 . I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao. I wish youto join my party this Sunday. I wish (that) I could be a scientist. hope 接 to do sth. 或 that從句 . 但不接 sb to do sth. I hope to receive a letter from you some day. I hope (that) everything goes well. /I hope you will get well soon. for 和 thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work. (表達(dá)對對方為自己做了某事的感謝，后無補(bǔ)充的結(jié)果。 Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth. ，都要用陳述句語序。 Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是 will you） Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是 is she) 二． 狀語從句： 1 主句若是一般將來時(shí)、祈使句或含不表過去的情態(tài)動詞等，則 if(如果 ), unless(除非 )， when(當(dāng) …的時(shí)候 ), as soon as(一 … 就 …) ， before, after, until, till, as(當(dāng) … 的時(shí)候 )所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 )