【正文】 構(gòu)成方式是：“助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+問(wèn)號(hào)”。③ 形容詞類(lèi)：(It is ) advisable/ desirable/ necessary/ essential/ important/ urgent/ vital that…等形式中。The book costs 10 Yuan.The hat doesn’t suit me.第三節(jié) 句子與從句 (Sentences and Clauses)：陳述句 (Declarative Sentences)疑問(wèn)句A．一般疑問(wèn)句 (General Questions)B．特殊疑問(wèn)句 (Special Questions)C．選擇疑問(wèn)句 (Alternative Questions)D．反意疑問(wèn)句 (Disjunctive Questions)祈使句 (Imperative Sentences)感嘆句 (Exclamatory Sentences)1) 陳述句用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或者觀點(diǎn).Mary arrived quite early this morning.2) 一般疑問(wèn)句以助動(dòng)詞(do, does, did, have, had, be, will, would, shall, should),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, could, may, might, must, ought to)開(kāi)始,通常要求以Yes或No回答。She was seen to pass by the window.He was heard to sing midnight.④ 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。（Tenses）英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常見(jiàn)的有16種,參見(jiàn)下表:體時(shí)間一般體進(jìn)行體完成體完成進(jìn)行體現(xiàn)在1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do/does5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are doing9)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done13)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doing過(guò)去2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)did6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing10)過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done 14)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing將來(lái)3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will do7)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing11)將來(lái)完成時(shí)will have done15)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have been doing過(guò)去將來(lái)4)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/would do 8)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)would be doing12)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)would have done16)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)would have been doing就其用法各舉一例如下：1） Water boils at 100℃.2） He went to Beijing ten times in 2000.3） I will go before he es.4） She would not leave until I returned.5） I will think it over while you are collecting materials.6） She told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.7） I will be sitting in front of the TV set this time tomorrow.8） He promised that he would be looking after my dog when I left here. 9） We haven’t heard from each other for three years.10) Jane had learned Chinese before she came to China.11) By the end of this term, I will have taught at his college for 10 years.12) Yesterday Mr. Li said he would have been in this college for 10 years by the end of the term.13) He has been writing letters since his morning.14) After driving for a long time, she suddenly realized that she had been driving in the wrong direction all the afternoon.15) By the time the sun sets, they will have been working on the farm for 6 hours. 16) Yesterday Mr. Li said he would have been teaching in this college for 10 years by the end of the term.1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (the simple present tense)1) 經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作:He smokes a lot.How often do you go swimming?2) 現(xiàn)時(shí)的情況與狀態(tài):I know you are busy.How do you like this city?3) 永恒的真理:Summer follows spring.The sun rises in the east.ⅰ 還常常用于靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(表示一種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞),代替使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài): 如mean, seem, hate, surprise, guess, feel, hope, sound, need, know, understand, wish等.ⅱ 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作: 運(yùn)動(dòng)解說(shuō),演示說(shuō)明,動(dòng)作描述,劇情介紹,舞臺(tái)動(dòng)作說(shuō)明,用來(lái)指引道路,圖片說(shuō)明.ⅲ 表示將來(lái)情況: 表示規(guī)定,時(shí)間表,計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事情,這時(shí)有一個(gè)表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),只限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如 arrive, be, begin, close, e, depart, dine, end, finish, go, leave, open, return, sail, start, stop. 另外在由if, unless, even if, when, after, before, as soon as, as long as, as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間或條件從句中,一般只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作.Turn off the lights before you leave.If we hurry, we may catch the bus.ⅳ 表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的用法,只限于少量動(dòng)詞,如hear, say, tell等.Yes, you answer quite well.Oh, I forget where she lives.此外,故事性讀物中戲劇性的描繪,報(bào)紙標(biāo)題中,小說(shuō)章節(jié)的題目中,引用書(shū)面材料時(shí).ⅴ now, today, often, usually, normally, generally, weekly, seldom, never, ever, at the moment, once a month, now and then等.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (the present continuous tense)1) 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作:They are talking。a. 某些感官動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞加形容詞可以用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)意義，如look, smell, taste, feel, sound, prove, wear 等。Did Mary arrive early this morning?3) 特殊疑問(wèn)句通常以一個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)始,語(yǔ)序要倒裝: who, what, which, when, where, how(how long, how soon, how often).When did Mary arrive this morning?4) 選擇疑問(wèn)句一般用or來(lái)連接兩個(gè)選擇部分,不能用Yes或No回答。注： 當(dāng) suggest作“暗示，表明”解時(shí)，而insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”的內(nèi)容不是“建議，命令，希望，愿望”等主觀看法而強(qiáng)調(diào)其是事實(shí)時(shí)，其后的從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。構(gòu)成基本原則是：1）陳述句是肯定的，問(wèn)句用否定屬動(dòng)詞；陳述句是否定的，問(wèn)句用肯定助動(dòng)詞。If only we had arrived in time!If only I were still young and beautiful!If only the rain would stop!If only you would try harder!10． 在表示祝?；蛟竿约霸{咒的感嘆句中Long live our motherland!(May) you succeed.(May) he die immediately.第六節(jié) 反意疑問(wèn)句(Disjunctive/Tag Questions)反意疑問(wèn)句是在陳述句后再附加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句，進(jìn)行反問(wèn)或詰問(wèn)。① 動(dòng)詞類(lèi)：mand direct order （命令） decide（決定） demand request require （要求） desire（希望） propose suggest remend（建議） urge （敦促） maintain（堅(jiān)持說(shuō)） insist（堅(jiān)持）② 名詞類(lèi)：advice/ decision/ desire /or