【正文】 通過(guò)試驗(yàn)獲的不同圍壓下巖石的抗壓縮強(qiáng)度。破壞形態(tài)描述 除一塊沿一定的裂隙面破壞，整體形狀保持較好外，其余兩塊均裂壞。 巖石單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)結(jié)果在單向壓縮條件下，巖塊能承受的最大壓應(yīng)力，稱為單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度。圖 23 測(cè)斜管 CX5 鉆孔取出的巖樣 西南交通大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文 第 18 頁(yè)所采集的巖樣的巖性及主要物理性質(zhì)如表 24所示。取芯率＝100%，RQD=%?！?泥巖 黃色 中風(fēng)化 干泥質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)，中厚層狀構(gòu)造，節(jié)理裂隙很發(fā)育，裂隙面粗糙，附有鐵，錳質(zhì)薄膜，巖芯主要呈碎塊狀。巖芯多呈碎塊狀，少量呈短柱狀。取芯率＝63%?！?砂質(zhì)泥巖 黃褐色 強(qiáng)風(fēng)化 干以塊狀泥巖為主，含砂質(zhì)、石英、云母片，以及鐵，錳，巖芯極破碎。由于構(gòu)造作用的影響，層間錯(cuò)動(dòng)跡象明顯，在巖層面有一層厚度幾毫米的泥化層。Na＋K評(píng)價(jià)報(bào)告結(jié)論中還指出，估計(jì)未來(lái)百年與過(guò)去百余年的地震活動(dòng)水平大致相同，但應(yīng)該考慮來(lái)自遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)的影響。節(jié)理面平直、光滑，節(jié)理多 緊 閉 至 微 張 ， 巖 芯 測(cè) 得 其 寬 度 3mm， 傾 角67176。斷層面波狀起伏，斷距較大，上盤為前震旦系會(huì)理群(Pt 1hl)，下盤為侏羅系益門組(J 1y)，斷層破碎帶由三疊系白果灣組(T 3bg)泥巖、炭質(zhì)泥巖及細(xì)砂巖組成，其中砂巖常形成構(gòu)造透鏡體。弱風(fēng)化帶巖芯呈柱狀，一般節(jié)長(zhǎng) 12～ 19cm， 最 長(zhǎng)61cm， 裂隙較少，巖芯較完整。鉆孔揭露厚度 ，在鉆孔以北斜坡，推測(cè)厚度可達(dá) 5～ 6m。各粒級(jí)含量：塊石約占 15％，碎石約占 10％，角礫約占 50％，其余為粉粘粒。邊坡南北均為沖溝，北為梁子田2號(hào)橋，南為棗子林小橋，邊坡坡向北西。信息設(shè)計(jì)的前提是要根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工監(jiān)測(cè)資料對(duì)原設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行正確的反演分析，及時(shí)掌握巖質(zhì)邊坡的工作狀態(tài)，達(dá)到優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果。理論研究和巖土工程實(shí)踐表明，這種以多方面信息綜合集成為基礎(chǔ)的監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法，是今后發(fā)展的方向。道路工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)將在吸收這些成果的同時(shí)，總結(jié)、發(fā)展和完善適合于自身特點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)方法，推動(dòng)道路工程的發(fā)展。同時(shí)也對(duì)道路工程的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)提出了新的要求，這種要求有幾個(gè)方面：一是對(duì)道路工程安全性的要求，隨著新建道路等級(jí)的提高和對(duì)舊有道路的改建，道路沿線的橋梁、隧道、高邊坡、高填方等工程也不斷增加，為確保這些工程施工及運(yùn)行中的安全，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)被廣泛采用。由于道路工程發(fā)生破壞時(shí)產(chǎn)生的災(zāi)害性后果和社會(huì)影響相對(duì)于水電站、礦山、橋梁、隧道等其它工程低，且在發(fā)生破壞后可以采取一定程度的補(bǔ)救措施，從而客觀上降低了人們對(duì)道路工程危險(xiǎn)性的重視程度，影響到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)在道路工程中的應(yīng)用。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)的發(fā)展是隨著巖土工程失事造成的巨大損失為人們提供教訓(xùn)后，不斷的尋求解決方法而逐步發(fā)展完善起來(lái)的。但該方法也存在著一定的不足，如位移精度較低；未考慮單元自身變形；不能直接求出單元應(yīng)力張量的全部分量，應(yīng)力張量必須由交界面面力間接求得等。潘氏理論同時(shí)指出，真實(shí)地滑裂面又是提供最小的抗滑能力的那個(gè) [8～9] 。對(duì)巖質(zhì)邊坡進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定分析的方法是多種多樣的，對(duì)于接近整體結(jié)構(gòu)的巖質(zhì)邊坡，宜使用分析應(yīng)力應(yīng)變特征的有限元和其它非連續(xù)介質(zhì)的方法；對(duì)風(fēng)化、破碎的巖體，則可采用類似土質(zhì)邊坡穩(wěn)定性分析的極限平衡方法 [8]，這一方法假定滑坡發(fā)生時(shí)，存在著一個(gè)發(fā)生剪切破壞的滑裂面，在這個(gè)滑裂面上，土體處處達(dá)到了極限平衡，通過(guò)分析土體在破壞那一刻力的平衡來(lái)求得問(wèn)題的解。為了保證高速公路建設(shè)的順利進(jìn)行，并為以后類似的建設(shè)提供一定的指導(dǎo)依據(jù)，西南交通大學(xué)公路工程研究所和四川省交通廳公路規(guī)劃勘察設(shè)計(jì)研究院合作，進(jìn)行了“碎裂巖質(zhì)邊坡支護(hù)技術(shù)及施工工藝”的課題研究 [6]，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)及穩(wěn)定性評(píng)價(jià)是該研究課題的一個(gè)重要的組成部分。按路塹坡體結(jié)構(gòu)又可粗分為七大類 [4]：土質(zhì)路塹邊坡、類土質(zhì)路塹邊坡、二元結(jié)構(gòu)路塹邊坡、多元結(jié)構(gòu)(差異風(fēng)化)路塹邊坡、碎裂結(jié)構(gòu)巖質(zhì)邊坡、巖質(zhì)路塹邊坡、不良地質(zhì)(滑坡、巖堆、錯(cuò)落體、泥石流等)路塹邊坡。重點(diǎn)工程中的巖質(zhì)高邊坡的失穩(wěn)一般都會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果，國(guó)內(nèi)外邊坡發(fā)生破壞的事故也很頻繁 [2]：1903 年阿爾伯達(dá)州的龜山發(fā)生了大滑坡，造成70余人的傷亡，淹沒鐵路長(zhǎng)達(dá) 2300米；1963 年意大利的瓦若依昂拱壩左岸的巖質(zhì)邊坡發(fā)生破壞，約 M3的巖石沿斜坡滑動(dòng)，造成了 2600多人死亡的重大事故；1985 年 6月 12日在三峽工程壩址上游的的新灘小鎮(zhèn)，在大規(guī)模的山體滑坡中完全消失，滑坡體沖入長(zhǎng)江，使長(zhǎng)江航道受到阻礙。關(guān)鍵詞：巖質(zhì)邊坡；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)；小波降噪；信息化施工；穩(wěn)定性評(píng)價(jià)?????????????????????? 西南交通大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文 第 III 頁(yè)AbstractExecution for highslope of rode cutting is a process which inhere mechanical equilibrium is broken and new equilibrium is reconstructed by supporting. Force field will redistribution and distortion will accrue if excavation be adopted. Some engineering measures must be adopted in order to insure slope stability. It is difficult to forecast slope distortion accurately because plexity of geology, uncertainty of affecting factor of construction work and limit of geological exploration capability. So field monitoring is very important. On one hand, some basic data can be offered which can guide design and execution. On the other hand we can kNow state of high slope and trend of distortion. The plexity of the slope makes it difficult to predict the behavior of the slope. In order to solve this problem, a method that the slop is designed assistant by information and monitor is been inducted. The excavation stability and reinforcement effects of the slope at K132 of XichangPanzhihua highway were systematically and profoundly studied. The main study includes four parts as below:(1) Based on the site survey, topographical condition and geologic information achieved before excavation of the rock highslope. To analyze the failure model of plant back slope by collecting the relevant engineering and hydrologic geology condition。監(jiān)測(cè)應(yīng)用表明:該設(shè)計(jì)方法全面、可靠，較好地滿足了高邊坡的動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)要求。因此，通過(guò)重要邊坡的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)，可以為指導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)施工提供重要的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，確保路塹高邊坡安全。另一方面，通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)可以了解邊坡的狀態(tài)改變及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，以檢驗(yàn)支護(hù)工程效果，為類似工程的設(shè)計(jì)提供參考借鑒。(3)討論了安全監(jiān)測(cè)在邊坡工程中的重要性，對(duì) K132高邊坡所取得的監(jiān)測(cè)資料進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析，分析了邊坡施工期的變形特征，并與所計(jì)算的穩(wěn)定性和變形量等成果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。 Continuity model of engineering rock masses is built. The schematization method of the continuity of engineering rock mass is reported. At mountain areas the natural slope failure often occur after construction of highways. Conventional tests and clay tests from a sample illustration were conducted which bine the field features of engineering rock and some experimental data in order to obtain the putation parameters for slope stability analysis. The calculation results are provided for nonlinear finite elements (FEM) for analysis of excavated slope. The results showed that it is effective and reasonable way to determine parameters of engineering rock masses.(2) In allusion to feature of construction period for K132 cataclasite slope, some discuss have made on dynamic monitoring process. It is believed that by dynamic monitoring that diversified factors be considered and more credibility information be offered. We can grasp distortion and stress of slope roundly. The result shows that the design of monitor is prehensive and credibility.(3) Significance of field monitor on slope has been discussed. Detailed analysis on all information of monitoring have been made in order to predict the behavior of the slope and estimate the excavation stability. Undulation in displacement monitoring curve of slope both reflect abrupt changes which nature and manpower bring about and reflect influence of ambient noise. It’s important to eliminating the noise of slope’s displacement monitoring for improve veracity of slope stability evaluation. There are abroad applications in eliminating noise of signal. In this paper, wavelet analysis is used to study the methods for eliminating the noise of ?????????????????????? 西南交通大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文 第 IV 頁(yè)slope’s displacement monitoring dates. The nonlinear wavelet threshold is used for eliminating noise of displacement monitoring dates in XiPan highway K132 slope. The results show this method is effective. (4) Construct with monitoring data is a scientific method. Grading executing, grading choosing all kinds of information and grading perfect designs were adopted in supporting works. With reference to monitoring data, adju