環(huán)境生態(tài)學(xué)---第五章溫度與代謝-免費(fèi)閱讀
【正文】 這個(gè)規(guī)律沒(méi)有廣泛的種間的適用性，是由于在測(cè)定體重中牽涉到其它的重要因子，但是在種內(nèi)經(jīng)常是真實(shí)的。 黃山松 馬尾松 變溫與溫周期現(xiàn)象 ? 溫周期現(xiàn)象 ：由于地表太陽(yáng)輻射的周期性變化產(chǎn)生溫度有規(guī)律的晝夜變化，許多生物適應(yīng)了變溫環(huán)境，多數(shù)生物在變溫下比恒溫下生長(zhǎng)得更好。然而當(dāng)考慮物種分布的時(shí)候，很難歸結(jié)于溫度的作用。有機(jī)體在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里暴露到較高（或較低）的溫度能夠改變有機(jī)體的溫度反應(yīng)。 范霍夫定律：指溫度每升高 10℃ ，化學(xué)過(guò)程的速率即加快 2～ 3倍。 The rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction increases with temperature. In ectotherms this means that metabolic activity will be faster at higher environmental temperatures. The temperature coefficient (Q10) is an indexof the effect of a 10℃ temperature rise on metabolic rate, and is often near . Key Notes Within the nonlethal temperature range the most important effect on ectotherms of temperature is likely to be its effect on rate of development and growth. When rate of development is plotted against body temperature there exists an extended range of temperatures over which the relationship is linear. ‘Physiological time’ is a measurement bining temperature and time and applied to ectothermic anisms, which reflects that growth and development of these anisms is dependent on environmental temperature as well as time. Temperature and rates of enzyme reaction Rates of development and growth E2 RESPONSES TO TEMPERATURE E2 對(duì)溫度的響應(yīng) 要 點(diǎn) 溫度和酶反應(yīng)速度 酶催化反應(yīng)的速度隨溫度而增加。 動(dòng)物對(duì)低溫的適應(yīng) 生理適應(yīng) ： 增加體內(nèi)產(chǎn)熱量來(lái)增強(qiáng)御寒能力和保持恒定的體溫；在低溫環(huán)境下減少身體散熱的另一種適應(yīng)為大大降低身體終端部位的溫度。 寒害 :是指溫度在 0℃ 以上對(duì)喜溫生物造成的傷害。 those that live through freezing winters often do so at a resistant, dormant stage of their life cycle. Temperature thresholds Related topics Solar radiation and climate(C1) Responses to temperature (E2) Plants and water (D2) Temperature and species Animals and water (D3) distribution (E3) Ecosystem patterns (S1) 溫 度 閾 高溫可能導(dǎo)致酶失活或代謝組分不平衡，例如植物的呼吸作用快于光合作用而導(dǎo)致死亡。鳥(niǎo)和哺乳動(dòng)物屬于這一類。E1 溫度與代謝 要 點(diǎn) 恒溫動(dòng)物和變溫動(dòng)物 按照有機(jī)體的體溫調(diào)
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