【正文】 patrons. At the age of ten Caruso began working a variety of menial jobs—mechanic, jute weaver—but his passion for singing often led him back to the streets. Eight years later, an aspiring baritone named Eduardo Missiano heard Caruso singing by a local swimming pool. Impressed, Missiano took Caruso to his voice teacher, Guglielmo Vergine. Vergine on hearing Caruso, pared the tenor‘s voice to ―the wind whistling through the chimney,‖ Michael Scott recounted in The Great Caruso. Although he disliked Caruso‘s Neapolitan caf233。 among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as Clyfford Still, Theodoros Stamos, Adolph Gottlieb, Helen Frankenthaler, Lee Krasner, and Esteban Vicente. Abstract expressionism presented a broad range of stylistic diversity within its largely, though not exclusively, nonrepresentational framework. For example, the expressive violence and activity in paintings by de Kooning or Pollock marked the opposite end of the pole from the simple, quiescent images of Mark Rothko. Basic to most abstract expressionist painting were the attention paid to surface qualities, ., qualities of brushstroke and texture。 in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nervetonerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In postsynaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the plex of receptor bined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as ?nicotinic‘。被丟了手絹的人要迅速發(fā)現自己身后的手絹，然后迅 速起身追逐丟手絹的人，丟手絹的人沿著圓圈奔跑，跑到被丟手絹人的位置時蹲下，如被抓住，則要表演一個節(jié)目，可表演跳舞、歌謠、講故事 。 角色游戲是幼兒建立積極情感、調整消極情感的途徑，也是表露或發(fā)泄情感的渠道。 6. 如何對班級的玩教具進行 管理？ 答： 建立玩教具使用的規(guī)范；合理放置，便于幼兒取放；定期清洗、檢修玩教具；根據 需要，及時增減玩具。 答： 小班：開始時只是無目的的擺弄結構材料，還不會搭。 4. 結構造型玩具：如各種積木、積塑、泥、沙、雪等。幼兒園以游戲為基本活動對教師提出了更高的要求 ,不僅要求教師科學 .合理地安排一日生活 ,給幼兒提供各種游 戲的機會 ,還要求教師具備發(fā)現 .分析指導幼兒游戲的意識和能力 ,變幼兒被動的學習為主動的需要 .在幼兒園一日生活中 ,尊重幼兒的年齡特征 ,使各種活動都帶有游戲的要素 :1 幼兒園生活活動 2 幼兒園教學活動 3 游戲活動 ,總之 ,實現幼兒園以游戲的形式開展教育活動 ,完成特定的教育教學活動 ,同時 ,要注重開展幼兒自由的游戲活動 ,充分發(fā)揮游戲自主性特點 ,激發(fā)幼兒內在的活動動機 ,產生積極體驗 ,獲得身心和諧發(fā)展。 局限性：一些理論觀點需要進一步探討和驗證；過分夸大成人在兒 童游戲中的作用。通過象征與轉換 , 幼兒在游戲中實現了從心理現實到社會現實的對接。 3．簡述幼兒游戲的虛構性特征。 9．象征性游戲：是 27 歲學前兒童最典型的游戲形式。 4．復演說：代表 人物是霍爾。作業(yè)一： 一、名詞解釋 1．剩余精力說：代表人物是席勒與斯賓塞。主要觀點是：游戲重演了人類進化的過程，重現了人類 進化過程中祖先的動作和活動，游戲是人類遺傳活動的表現。象征即用具體的事物表現某種 特殊意義，在這一時期，幼兒的象征游戲表現為運用“替代物”， 以假想的情景和行動方式 將現實生活和自己的愿望反映出來。 答：虛構性。 4．游戲性體驗包括哪些主要成分。 2．舉例論述游戲對幼兒社會性發(fā)展的促進作用。 ？本體性游戲強調幼兒可以主動支配行為和自由參加游戲 ,它反映幼兒發(fā) 展的水平和興趣愛好 ,表演游戲和結構游戲都屬于此類游戲 ,工具性游戲強調游戲外在的工具價值即教學價值 ,音樂游戲 ,體育游戲 ,智力游戲等都屬于此類游戲。由于這類玩具的玩法沒有定型， 幼兒根據自己的想象，可以利用這種玩具建造各種建筑物或者立體形象，對挖掘兒童智能， 培養(yǎng)幼兒的創(chuàng)造力、想象力有著重要作用，此外還能提高幼兒動作的協(xié)調性和準確 性，提高 幼兒游戲的興趣。一般結構游戲時間為 10 分鐘。 三、論述題 1．聯系教育實際，論述如何評價在幼兒游戲過程中教師的指導行為。在游戲中幼兒體驗各種情感，如快樂、對別人的關心和同情、成功的喜悅或恐懼等，又可以控 制這些情感。 四、案例分析： 案例：大班游戲：“飛機場” 文章略，分析如下： 原因 1：教師指導時機把握欠佳，對游戲進程引導不力。 in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are ?muscarinic‘。 the use of huge canvases。 style, flashy gestures, and unrefined and unrestrained vocalizing, Vergine finally agreed to accept Caruso as his student. But ―the lessons ended after three years,‖ John Kobler wrote in American Heritage, ―and Caruso‘s formal musical training thereafter remained almost as meager as his scholastic education. He could read a score only with difficulty. He played no musical instrument. He sang largely by ear.‖ I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my