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early sale delivering benefits in place of the cost of demolition and environmental refurbishment 服務(wù)期的結(jié)束 : 按計劃 ,出售或拆除 .注意 :在 PFI/PPP項目中有按預定條件讓度資產(chǎn)的合約義務(wù) . 沒有預測的提早退化 . 沒有預測的機會 :提早出售帶來的衍生收益多于拆除和恢復環(huán)境的開支 . 30th May 2021 2021 Construction Cost Management International Conference Shenzhen China 20 WLCC – Use in the UK 全生命成本計價在英國的應用 ? BRE/DETR survey 1998 found that: ―Despite the recognised benefits, whole life costing is currently only used by 25% of construction clients‖ 1998年 BRE/DETR調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn) — ―盡管已認識到好處 , 全生命成本計價理論僅被 25%的建筑業(yè)業(yè)主所應用 .‖ ? Since then, due to the ever increasing influence of public sector procurement by PFI/PPP means, the use of WLCC is applied to all publicly procured projects of over 163。 30th May 2021 2021 Construction Cost Management International Conference Shenzhen China 17 A step by step project appraisal guide (2) – Design and construction appraisal 項目評估分步指引 — 設(shè)計與建造評估 ? Prepare WLCC plan。“ 邁克 .雷森爵士的報告 —‖締造隊伍 ‖ 30th May 2021 2021 Construction Cost Management International Conference Shenzhen China 15 WLCC – Key decisions (2) 全生命成本計價 —關(guān)鍵決定 ? Project team involvement in the process – Setting the cost parameters. 項目組全程參與 —設(shè)定成本核算的參數(shù) . ? Considering relationship between capital and operating costs. 考慮投資成本與運營費用之間的關(guān)系。 為達到目的,全生命成本計價理論須運用于建設(shè)全過程的各個階段: 在前期評估和決定購買或租賃時; 在選擇建設(shè)方法的可行性評估時,包括資產(chǎn)整個生命期間的重置和 /或維護; 在概念設(shè)計時; 在詳細設(shè)計階段選擇設(shè)備部件時; 在評標時; 在評價建議的施工變更指令時; 在使用階段評估建筑物的效應。 ? Ensure that the results are presented with an indication of the sensitivity of variables. 確信這些結(jié)果表現(xiàn)了可變因素的敏感性指征 。 – Evaluates the alternative cost of ownership (construction, purchase or renting) over the whole life of the asset (s). 對各種可選擇的資產(chǎn)權(quán)屬關(guān)系 ( 興建 、 購買或租賃 ) , 評估其全生命成本 。旨在對達到業(yè) 主目的的多種不同質(zhì)的可選擇手段提供一個便利比選的方法。其不僅考慮建設(shè)期的成本,而且要考慮建成投產(chǎn)后運營使用的成本。 – Optimises the total cost of ownership by balancing initial capital and running costs. 通過比較初期投入資本和后期運行費用 , 對相應權(quán)屬關(guān)系的總成本進行優(yōu)化 。 ? Log decisions on durability are available for feedback on events during operation. 耐久性的決定日志可供運行過程中回顧 。 30th May 2021 2021 Construction Cost Management International Conference Shenzhen China 9 Phases in Construction life 建筑生命期的劃分 ? Based on draft ISO15686 – 5 根據(jù)草案 ISO156865 Acquisition 獲得 Use and Maintenance 使用及維護 Disposal 廢物處理 Renewal and Adaption 翻新和接受 30th May 2021 2021 Construction Cost Management International Conference Shenzhen China 10 Acquisition – Costs to consider 獲得 應考慮的費用 ? By construction建設(shè) – Site costs。 ? Setting realistic levels of costs and receipts. 設(shè)定成本和收益的實際水平。 develop and refine with design development. 準備全生命成本計價計劃,并隨設(shè)計發(fā)展逐步優(yōu)化 . ? Involve the supply chain in all decisions。10 million (sterling) in value and to all PFI/PPP projects. 自始 ,由于政府部門 PFI/PPP采辦方式的影響日益提高 , 全生命成本計價理論已廣泛應用于造價超過 163。 NB in PFI/PPP projects there are contractual obligation to transfer the assets in a preagreed condition. – Early obsolescence not predicted or brought about by unforeseen circumstances.